%0 Generic %D Submitted %A Goumenaki, E. %A Fernandez, I. G. %A Papanikolaou, A. %A Papadopoulou, D. %A Askianakis, C. %A Kouvarakis, G. %A Barnes, J. %K af(st)y %K air-pollution %K aot40 %K critical flux versus exposure %K exposure indexes %K gas-exchange %K lettuce %K plants %K protect vegetation %K responses %K spring wheat %K standard %K stomatal conductance %K white clover %G eng %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Current and future ozone risks to global terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes %A Fuhrer, Jürg %A Val Martin, Maria %A Mills, Gina %A Heald, Colette L. %A Harmens, Harry %A Hayes, Felicity %A Sharps, Katrina %A Bender, Jürgen %A Ashmore, Mike R. %X

Risks associated with exposure of individual plant species to ozone (O3) are well documented, but implications for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes have received insufficient attention. This is an important gap because feedbacks to the atmosphere may change as future O3 levels increase or decrease, depending on air quality and climate policies. Global simulation of O3 using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) revealed that in 2000, about 40% of the Global 200 terrestrial ecoregions (ER) were exposed to O3 above thresholds for ecological risks, with highest exposures in North America and Southern Europe, where there is field evidence of adverse effects of O3, and in central Asia. Experimental studies show that O3 can adversely affect the growth and flowering of plants and alter species composition and richness, although some communities can be resilient. Additional effects include changes in water flux regulation, pollination efficiency, and plant pathogen development. Recent research is unraveling a range of effects belowground, including changes in soil invertebrates, plant litter quantity and quality, decomposition, and nutrient cycling and carbon pools. Changes are likely slow and may take decades to become detectable. CESM simulations for 2050 show that O3 exposure under emission scenario RCP8.5 increases in all major biomes and that policies represented in scenario RCP4.5 do not lead to a general reduction in O3 risks; rather, 50% of ERs still show an increase in exposure. Although a conceptual model is lacking to extrapolate documented effects to ERs with limited or no local information, and there is uncertainty about interactions with nitrogen input and climate change, the analysis suggests that in many ERs, O3 risks will persist for biodiversity at different trophic levels, and for a range of ecosystem processes and feedbacks, which deserves more attention when assessing ecological implications of future atmospheric pollution and climate change.

Risks associated with exposure of individual plant species to ozone (O3) are well documented, but implications for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes have received insufficient attention. This is an important gap because feedbacks to the atmosphere may change as future O3 levels increase or decrease, depending on air quality and climate policies. Global simulation of O3 using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) revealed that in 2000, about 40% of the Global 200 terrestrial ecoregions (ER) were exposed to O3 above thresholds for ecological risks, with highest exposures in North America and Southern Europe, where there is field evidence of adverse effects of O3, and in central Asia. Experimental studies show that O3 can adversely affect the growth and flowering of plants and alter species composition and richness, although some communities can be resilient. Additional effects include changes in water flux regulation, pollination efficiency, and plant pathogen development. Recent research is unraveling a range of effects belowground, including changes in soil invertebrates, plant litter quantity and quality, decomposition, and nutrient cycling and carbon pools. Changes are likely slow and may take decades to become detectable. CESM simulations for 2050 show that O3 exposure under emission scenario RCP8.5 increases in all major biomes and that policies represented in scenario RCP4.5 do not lead to a general reduction in O3 risks; rather, 50% of ERs still show an increase in exposure. Although a conceptual model is lacking to extrapolate documented effects to ERs with limited or no local information, and there is uncertainty about interactions with nitrogen input and climate change, the analysis suggests that in many ERs, O3 risks will persist for biodiversity at different trophic levels, and for a range of ecosystem processes and feedbacks, which deserves more attention when assessing ecological implications of future atmospheric pollution and climate change.
%B Ecology and Evolution %V 6 %P 8785 - 8799 %8 Jan-12-2016 %G eng %N 24C %! Ecol Evol %R 10.1002/ece3.2568 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Effects of long-term exposure to ammonium sulfate particles on growth and gas exchange rates of Fagus crenata, Castanopsis sieboldii, Larix kaempferi and Cryptomeria japonica seedlings. %A Yamaguchi, M. %A Otani, Y. %A Li, P. %A Nagao, H. %A Lenggoro, I.W. %A Ishida, A. %A Yazaki, K. %A Nogucki, K. %A Nakaba, S. %A Yamane, K. %A Kuroda, K. %A Sano, Y. %A Funada, R. %A Izuta, T. %B Atmospheric Environment %P 1-8 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Inertia in an ombrotrophic bog ecosystem in response to 9 years' realistic perturbation by wet deposition of nitrogen, separated by form. %A Sheppard, L. J. %A Leith, I. D. %A Mizunuma, T. %A Leeson, S. %A Kivimaki, S. %A Cape, J. N. %A van Dijk, N. %A Leaver, D. %A Sutton, M. A. %A Fowler, D. %A Van den Berg, L. J. L. %A Crossley, A. %A Field, C. %A Smart, S. %K ammonium %K atmospheric nitrogen %K boreal mire %K calluna %K calluna-vulgaris %K chronology %K cover %K critical loads %K dry heathland %K field manipulation %K global change %K growth %K n deposition %K nitrate %K peatland %K plant %K sphagnum bogs %K sphagnum capillifolium %K vegetation %B Global Change Biology %V 20 %P 566-580 %G eng %N 2 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Inertia in an ombrotrophic bog ecosystem in response to nine years’ realistic perturbation by wet deposition of nitrogen, separated by form. %A Sheppard L.J. %A Leith, I.D. %A Mizunuma, T. %A Leeson, S. %A Kivimaki, S. %A Cape, J.N. %A van Dijk, N. %A Leaver, D. %A Sutton, M.A. %A Fowler, D. %A Van Den Berg, L.J.L. %A Crossley, A. %A Field, C. %A Smart, S. %B Global Change Biology %V 20 %P 566-580 %G eng %N 2 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Recovery of macroinvertebrate species richness in acidified upland waters assessed with a field toxicity model %A Stockdale, A. %A Tipping, E. %A Fjellheim, A. %A Garmo, O.A. %A Hildrew, A.G. %A Lofts, S. %A Monteith, D.T. %A Ormerod, S.J. %A Shilland, E.M. %B Ecological Indicators %V 37 %P 341-350 %G eng %N Part B %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Recovery of UK lakes from acidification: An assessment using combined palaeoecological and contemporary diatom assemblage data. %A Battarbee, R.W. %A Simpson, G.L. %A Shilland, E.M. %A Flower, R.J. %A Kreiser, A. %A Yang, H. %A Clarke, G. %B Ecological Indicators %V 37 %P 365-380 %G eng %N Part B %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Relationships between hydrochemistry and the presence of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) in headwater streams recovering from acidification %A Malcolm, I.A. %A Bacon, P.J. %A Middlemas, S.J. %A Fryer, R.J. %A Shilland, E.M. %A Collen, P. %B Ecological Indicators %V 37 %P 351-364 %G eng %N Part B %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Inertia in an ombrotrophic bog ecosystem in response to nine years’ realistic perturbation by wet deposition of nitrogen, separated by form %A Sheppard, L.J. %A Leith, I.D. %A Mizunuma, T. %A Leeson, S. %A Kivimaki, S.K. %A Cape, J.N. %A van Dijk, N. %A Leaver, D. %A Sutton, M.A. %A Fowler, D. %A Van Den Berg, L.J.L. %A Crossley, A. %A Field, C. %A Smart, S.M. %B Global change Biology %G eng %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Terrestrial mosses as biomonitors of atmospheric POPs pollution: A review. %A Harmens, H. %A Foan, L. %A Simon, V. %A Mills, G. %B Environmental Pollution %V 173 %P 245-254 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Coastal eutrophication as a driver of salt marsh loss %A Deegan, L.A. %A Johnson, D.S. %A Warren, R.S. %A Peterson, B.P. %A Fleeger, J.W. %A Fagherazzi, S. %A Wollheim, W.M. %B Nature %V 490 %P 388-392 %G eng %N 7420 %0 Report %D 2011 %T Auswirkung erhöhter Stickstofelastung auf die Stabilität des Waldes %A Flückiger, W. %A Braun, S. %I Institut für Angewandte Pjanzenbiologie %C Schönenbuch %G eng %U ww.iap.ch %0 Generic %D 2011 %T Dry deposition of ammonia gas drives species change faster than wet deposition of ammonium ions: evidence from a long-term field manipulation %A Sheppard, L.J. %A Leith, I.D. %A Mizunuma, T. %A Cape, J.N %A Crossley, A. %A Leeson S. %A Sutton, M.A. %A Fowler, D. %A van Dijk, N. %B Global Change Biology %V 17 (12) %P 3589-3607 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2011 %T Hydrochloric Acid: An Overlooked Driver of Environmental Change. %A Evans, C.D. %A Monteith, D.T. %A Fowler, D %A Cape, J.N %A Brayshaw, S. %B Environmental Science and Technology %V 45 %P 1887-1894 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2011 %T New stomatal flux-based critical levels for ozone effects on vegetation. %A Mills, G. %A Pleijel, H. %A Braun, S. %A Buker, P. %A Bermejo, V. %A Calvo, E. %A Danielsson, H. %A Emberson, L. %A Gonzalez Fernandez, I. %A Grunhage, L. %A Harmens, H. %A Hayes, F. %A Karlsson, P.E. %A Simpson, D. %B Atmospheric Environment %V 45 %P 5064-5068 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2011 %T Nitrogen concentrations in mosses indicate the spatial distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Europe. %A Harmens, H. %A Norris, D.A. %A Cooper, D.M. %A Mills, G. %A Steinnes, E. %A Kubin, E. %A Thoni, L. %A Aboal, J.R. %A Alber, R. %A Carballeira, A. %A Coskun, M. %A De Temmerman, L. %A Frolova, M. %A Frontasyeva, M. %A Gonzales-Miqueo, L. %A Jeran, Z. %A Leblond, S. %A Liiv, S. %A Mankovska, B. %A Pesch, R. %A Poikolainen, J. %A Ruhling, A. %A Santamaria, J.M. %A Simoneie, P. %A Schroder, W. %A Suchara, I. %A Yurukova, L. %A Zechmeister, H.G. %B Environmental Pollution %V 159 %P 2852-2860 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Does nitrogen deposition increase forest production? The role of phosphorus %A Braun, S. %A Thomas, V.F.D. %A Quiring, R. %A Flückiger, W. %B Environmental Pollution %V 158 %P 2043-2052 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T First Europe-wide correlation analysis identifying factors best explaining the total nitrogen concentration in mosses. %A Schroder, W. %A Holy, M. %A Pesch, R. %A Harmens, H. %A Fagerli, H. %A Alber, R. %A Coskun, M. %A De Temmerman, L. %A Frolova, M. %A Gonzalez-Miqueo, L. %A Jeran, Z. %A Kubin, E. %A Leblond, S. %A Liiv, S. %A Mankovska, B. %A Piispanen, J. %A Santamaria, J.M. %A Simoneie, P. %A Suchara, I. %A Yurokova, L. %A Thoni, L. %A Zechmeister, H.G. %B Atmospheric Environment %V 44 %P 3485-3491 %G eng %N 29 %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Global assessment of nitrogen deposition effects on terrestrial plant diversity: a synthesis %A Bobbink, R. %A Hicks, K. %A Galloway, J. %A Spranger, T. %A Alkemade, R. %A Ashmore, M. %A Bustamante, M. %A Cinderby, S. %A Davidson, E. %A Dentener, F. %A Emmett, B. %A Erisman, J. W. %A Fenn, M. %A Gilliam, F. %A Nordin, A. %A Pardo, L. %A de Vries, W. %K arctic polar semidesert %K arctic-alpine ecosystems %K atmospheric deposition %K boreal ecosystems %K critical loads %K diversity %K ecoregions %K long-term %K mediterranean ecosystems %K n-deposition %K nitrogen deposition %K nutrient limitation %K racomitrium-lanuginosum %K simulated environmental-change %K southern california %K species richness %K temperature ecosystems %K terrestrial ecosystems %K tropical ecosystems %K western united-states %B Ecological Applications %V 20 %P 30-59 %G eng %N 1 %0 Generic %D 2010 %T The role of Sphagnum mosses in the methane cycling of a boreal mire. %A Larmola, T. %A Tuittila, E.S. %A Tiirola, M. %A Nykanen, H. %A Martikainen, P.J. %A Yrjala, K. %A Tuomivirta, T. %A Fritze, H. %B Ecology %V 91 %P 2356-2365 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Saltmarsh soil evolution after land reclamation in Atlantic estuaries (Bay of Biscay, North coast of Spain). %A Fernandez, S. %A Santin, C. %A Marquinez, J. %A Alvarez, M.A. %B Geomorphology %V 114 %P 497-507 %G eng %N 4 %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Terricolous alpine lichens are sensitive to both load and concentration of applied nitrogen and have potential as bioindicators of nitrogen deposition %A Britton, A.J. %A Fisher, J.M. %B Environmental Pollution %V 158 %P 1296-1302 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2008 %T The effect of nitrogen additions on oak foliage and herbivore communities at sites with high and low atmospheric pollution %A Eatough Jones, M. %A Paine, T.D. %A Fenn, M.E. %B Environmental Pollution %7 434-442 %V 151 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2008 %T Short-term flux chamber experiment to quantify the deposition of gaseous 15N-NH3 to Calluna vulgaris %A Jones, M.R. %A Raven, J.A. %A Leith, I.D. %A Cape, J.N %A Smith, R.I. %A Fowler, D. %B Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, %V 148 (6-7) %P 893-901 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2008 %T Stress responses of Calluna vulgaris to reduced and oxidised N applied under real world conditions %A Sheppard, L.J. %A Leith, I.D. %A Crossley, A. %A van Dijk, N. %A Fowler, D. %A Sutton, M.A. %A Woods, C. %B Environmental Pollution %V 154 (3) %P 404-413 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environmental Pollution %D 2008 %T Stress responses of Calluna vulgaris to reduced and oxidised N applied under 'real world conditions' %A Sheppard, L.J. %A Leith, I.D. %A Crossley, A. %A van Dijk, N. %A Fowler, D. %A Sutton, M.A. %A Woods, C. %B Environmental Pollution %V 154 %P 404-413 %0 Generic %D 2008 %T Water quality limits for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) exposed to short term reductions in pH and increased aluminum simulating episodes. %A Kroglund, F. %A Rosseland, B.O. %A Teien, H.C. %A Salbu, B. %A Kristensen, T. %A Finstad, B. %B Hydrology and Earth System Sciences %V 12 %P 491-507 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2007 %T Can salt stress-induced physiological responses protect tomato crops from ozone damages in Mediterranean environments? %A Maggio, A. %A De Pascale, S. %A Fagnano, M. %A Barbieri, G. %B European Journal of Agronomy %V 26 %P 454-461 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2007 %T Derivation of ozone flux-yield relationships for lettuce: a key horticultural crop. %A Goumenaki, E. %A Fernandez, I. G. %A Papanikolaou, A. %A Papadopoulou, D. %A Askianakis, C. %A Kouvarakis, G. %A Barnes, J. %B Environmental Pollution %V 146 %P 699-706 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2007 %T Dissolved organic carbon trends resulting from changes in atmospheric deposition chemistry. %A Monteith, D.T. %A Stoddard, J.L. %A Evans, C.D. %A De Wit, H.A. %A Forsius, M. %A Hogasen, T. %A Wilander, A. %A Skjelkvale, B.L. %A Jeffries, D.S. %A Vuorenmaa, J. %A Keller, B. %A Kopácek, J. %A Vesely, J. %B Nature %V 450 %P 537-539 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2007 %T Interactive effects of nitrogen deposition, fire and grazing on diversity and composition of low-alpine prostrate Calluna vulgaris heathland %A Britton, A.J. %A Fisher, J.M. %B Journal of Applied Ecology %V 44 %P 125-135 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2007 %T NP stoichiometry of low-alpine heathland: usefulness for bio-monitoring and prediction of pollution impacts %A Britton, A.J. %A Fisher, J.M. %B Biological Conservation %V 138 %P 100-108 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2007 %T Predicting community sensitivity to ozone, using Elleberg indicator values. %A Jones, L. %A Hayes, F. %A Mills, G. %A Sparks, T. %A Fuhrer, F. %B Environmental Pollution %V 146 %P 744-753 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2007 %T Shoot growth of mature Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies in relation to ozone. %A Braun, S. %A Schindler, C. %A Rihm, B. %A Flückiger, W. %B Environmental Pollution %V 146 %P 624-628 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2006 %T A model of annual orographic precipitation and acid deposition and its application to Snowdonia. %A Dore, A.J. %A Mousavi-Baygi, M. %A Smith, R.I. %A Hall, J. %A Fowler, D. %A Choularton, T.W. %B Atmospheric Environment %V 40 %P 3316-3326 %G eng %N 18 %0 Generic %D 2005 %T Biological responses to the chemical recovery of acidified fresh waters in the UK. %A Monteith, D.T. %A Hildrew, A.G. %A Flower, R.J. %A Raven, P.J. %A Beaumont, W.R.B. %A Collen, P. %A Kreiser, A.M. %A Shilland, E.M. %A Winterbottom, J.H. %B Environmental Pollution %V 137 %P 83-101 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2005 %T Nitrogen content, 15N natural abundance and biomass of the two pleurocarpous mosses Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt.and Scleropodium purum (Hedw.) Limpr. in relation to atmospheric nitrogen deposition. %A Solga, A. %A Burkhardt, J. %A Zechmeister, H.G. %A Frahm, J.P. %B Environmental Pollution %V 134 %P 465-473 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2005 %T Options for reducing the negative effects of nitrogen in agriculture %A Freney, J. R. %K ammonia volatilization %K condensed tannins %K lotus-corniculatus %K lowland rice %K n2o emissions %K nitrification inhibitors %K nitrogen in agriculture %K options for reducing the negative effects %K oxide emissions %K trail hoses %K use efficiency %K wool production %B Science in China Series C-Life Sciences %V 48 %P 861-870 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2005 %T A study of the epiphytic communities of Atlantic oak woods along an atmospheric nitrogen deposition gradient %A Mitchell, R. %A Truscot, A. %A Leith, I. %A Cape, J. %A van Dijk, N. %A Tang, Y. %A Fowler, D. %A Sutton, M.A. %B Journal of Ecology %V 93 %P 482-492 %0 Generic %D 2004 %T An Automated Wet Deposition System to Compare the Effects of Reduced and Oxidised N on Ombrotrophic Bog Species: Practical Considerations %A Sheppard, L.J. %A Crossley, A. %A Leith, I.D. %A Hargreaves, K.J. %A Carfrae, J. %A van Dijk, N. %A Cape, J.N %A Sleep, D. %A Fowler, D. %A Raven, J.A. %B Water, Air and Soil Pollution: Focus %V 4 (6) %P 197-205 %G eng %0 Report %D 2004 %T Bioindicator and biomonitoring methods for assessing the effects of atmospheric nitrogen on statutory nature conservation sites %A Sutton, M.A. %A Pitcairn, C.E.R. %A Leith, I.D. %A van Dijk, N. %A Tang, Y.S. %A Skiba, U. %A Smart, S. %A Mitchell, R. %A Wolseley, P. %A James, P. %A Purvis, W. %A Fowler, D. %E Sutton, M.A. %E Pitcairn, C.E.R. %E Whitfield, C.P. %B JNCC Report No. 356 %C Peterborough %0 Generic %D 2004 %T Growth and tissue nitrogen of epiphytic Atlantic bryophytes: effects of increased and decreased atmospheric N deposition. %A Mitchell, R.J. %A Truscott, A.M. %A Leith, I.D. %A Cape, J.N. %A van Dijk, N. %A Tang, Y.S. %A Fowler, D. %A Sutton, M.A. %B Functional Ecology %V 18 %P 322-329 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2004 %T Quantifying dry NH3 release system to ombrotrophic bog from an automated NH3 field release system %A Leith, I.D. %A Sheppard, L.J. %A Fowler, D. %A Cape, J.N %A Jones, M.R. %A Crossley, A. %A Hargreaves, K.J. %A Tang, Y.S. %A Theobald, M.R. %A Sutton, M.A. %B Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus %V 4 %P 207-218. %G eng %0 Report %D 2004 %T Wie geht es unserem Wald? Ergebnisse aus Dauerbeobachtungsflächen von 1984 bis 2004 %A Flückiger, W. %A Braun, S. %I Institut für Angewandte Pflanzenbiologie %C Schönenbuch %P 67 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2003 %T Changing landscapes, habitats and vegetation diversity across Great Britain %A Haines-Young, R. %A Barr, C.J. %A Firbank, L.G. %A Furse, M. %A Howard, D.C. %A McGowan, G. %A Petit, S. %A Smart, S.M. %A Watkins, J.W. %B Journal of Environmental Management %V 67 %P 267-281 %G eng %N 3 %0 Generic %D 2002 %T Effects of manganese on the viability of vegetative diaspores of the epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes %A Hauck, M %A Paul, A %A Mulack, C %A Fritz, E %A Runge, M %B Environmental and Experimental Botany %P 127-142 %G eng %N 47 %0 Generic %D 2002 %T Heavy metal (Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe and Cu) contents of plant foliage near the Anvil Range lead/zinc mine, Faro, Yukon Territory %A Pugh, R. E %A Dick, D. G %A Fredeen, A. L %B Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety %P 273-279 %G eng %N 52 %0 Report %D 2002 %T Review of sublethal ecotoxicological tests for measuring harm in terrestrial ecosystems %A Spurgeon, D. %A Svendsen, C. %A Hankard, P. %A Weeks, Kille, P. %A Fishwick, S. %B Environment Agency R&D Technical Report P5-063/TR1. %0 Generic %D 2001 %T Biosphere-atmosphere interactions of ammonia with grasslands: experimental strategy and results from a new European initiative %A Sutton, M.A. %A Milford, C. %A Nemitz, E. %A Theobald, M.R. %A Fowler D. %A Schjoerring, J.K. %A Mattsson, M.E. %A Nielsen, K.H. %A Husted, S. %A Erisman, J.W. %A Oties, R. %A Hensen, A. %A Mosquera, J. %A Cellier, P. %A Loubert, B. %A David, M. %A Genermont, S. %A Neftel, A. %A Blatter, A. %A Herrmann, B. %A Jones, S.K. %A Horvath, L. %A Flhrer, E. %A Mantzanas, K. %A Koukoura, Z. %A Gallagher, M. %A Williams, P. %A Flynn, M. %A Riedo, M. %B Plant and Soil %V 228 (1) %P 131-145 %0 Report %D 2001 %T Deposition of acidifying and eutrophying air pollutants in Scotland: Mapping critical loads, critical levels and exceedances %A Fowler, D. %A Dragosits, U. %A Pitcairn, C.E.R. %A Sutton, M.A. %A Hall, J. %A Roy, D.B. %A Weidemann, A. %B Centre for Ecology and Hydrology report to Scottish Natural Heritage %I Centre for Ecology and Hydrology %0 Generic %D 2001 %T The management of lowland neutral grasslands in Britain: effects of agricultural practices on birds and their food resources %A Vickery, J.A. %A Tallowin, J.R. %A Feber, R.E. %A Asteraki, E.J. %A Atkinson, P.W. %A Fuller, R.J. %A Brown, V.K. %B Journal of Applied Ecology %V 38 %P 647–664 %@ 1 85112 460 8 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Water Air & Soil Pollution %D 2001 %T Spatially disaggregated inventories of soil NO and N2O emissions for Great Britain %A Skiba, U. %A Sozanska, M. %A Metcalfe, S. %A Fowler, D. %B Water Air & Soil Pollution %P 109 – 118 %N 1 %0 Generic %D 2000 %T 2000Long-term changes of nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to a large lake in North-west Ireland %A Zhou, Q. %A Foy, R.H. %A Gibson, C.E. %B Water Research %V 34 %P 922-926 %0 Book %B Accounting for nature: assessing habitats in the UK countryside %D 2000 %T Accounting for nature: assessing habitats in the UK countryside %A Haines-Young, R.H. %A Barr, C.J. %A Black, H.I.G. %A Briggs, D.J. %A Bunce, R.G.H. %A Clarke, R.T. %A Cooper, A. %A Dawson, F.H. %A Firbanks, L.G. %A Fuller, R.M. %A Furse, M.T. %A Gillespie, M.K. %A Hill, R. %A Hornung, M. %A Howard, D.C. %A McCann, T. %A Morecroft, M.D. %A Petit, S. %A Sier, A.R.J. %A Smart, S.M. %A Stott, A.P. %A Watkins, J.W. %B Accounting for nature: assessing habitats in the UK countryside %I DETR %C London %0 Report %D 2000 %T Accounting for nature: assessing habitats in the UK countryside. %A Haines-Young, R.H. %A Barr, C.J. %A Black, H.I.J %A Briggs, D.J. %A Bunce, R.G.H. %A Clarke, R.T. %A Cooper, A. %A Dawson, F.H. %A Firbank, L.G. %A Fuller, R.M. %A Furse, M.T. %A Gillespie, M.K. %A Hill, R. %A Hornung, M. %A Howard, D.C. %A McCann, T. %A Morecroft, M.D. %A Petit, S. %A Sier, A.R.J. %A Smart, S.M. %A Smith, G.M. %A Stott, A.P. %A Stuart, R.C. %A Watkins, J.W. %I DETR %C London %@ 1 85112460 8 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2000 %T Airborne trace metal contamination of wetland sediments at Iniana Dunes National Lakeshore %A Perkins, S. M %A Filippelli, G. M %A Souch, C. J %B Water, Air, and Soil Pollution %P 231-260 %G eng %N 122 %0 Journal Article %J Atmospheric Environment %D 2000 %T Ammonia emissions from non-agricultural sources in the UK. %A Sutton, M.A. %A Dragosits, U. %A Tang, Y.S. %A Fowler, D. %B Atmospheric Environment %V 34 %P 855 - 869 %0 Generic %D 2000 %T Assessing the chronic effects of atmospheric tetrachloroethylene (PER) on plants. Note 48 %A Franzaring, J. %A Van der Eerden, L.J.M. %A Van Dijk, C.J. %A Helsper J.P.F.G. %A Pikaar P.J.J. %A Nijhuis E.H. %A Tonneijck A.E.G. %B Plant Research International %I Wageningen %C Netherlands %F critical load level reference %0 Generic %D 2000 %T Can the foliar nitrogen concentration of upland vegetation be used for predicting atmospheric nitrogen deposition? Evidence from field surveys. %A Hicks, W.K. %A Leith, I.D. %A Woodin, S.J. %A Fowler, D. %B Environmental Pollution %V 107 %P 367-376 %0 Report %D 2000 %T Direct measurement of the UK source strength of radiatively active gases %A Fowler, D. %A Hargreaves, K.J. %A Skiba, U. %A Bower, K.N. %B DETR Contract Report EPG %8 01/2000 %0 Report %D 2000 %T Direct Measurements of the UK Source Strength of Radiatively Active Gases %A Fowler, D. %A Hargreaves, K. %A Skiba, U. %A Bower, K. %B Final Report to DETR %0 Journal Article %J Global Biogeochemical Cycles %D 2000 %T Evaluation and analysis of a dynamic terrestrial ecosystem model under pre-industrial conditions at the global scale %A Friend, A. D. %A White, A. %B Global Biogeochemical Cycles %V 14 %P 1173-1190 %0 Generic %D 2000 %T Growth responses to ozone in plant species from wetlands. %A Franzaring, J. %A Tonneijck A.E.G. %A Kooijman, A.W.M. %A Dueck, T.A. %B Environmental and Experimental Botany %V 44 %P 39-48 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2000 %T Joint toxicity of copper and zinc to a terrestrial nematode community in an acid sandy soil %A Korthals, G. W %A Bongers, M %A Fokkema, A %A Dueck, T. A %A Lexmond, T. M %B Ecotoxicology %P 219-228 %G eng %N 9 %0 Generic %D 2000 %T Joint toxicity of copper and zinc to a terrestrial nematode community in an acid sandy soil %A Korthals, G. W %A Bongers, M %A Fokkema, A %A Dueck, T. A %A Lexmond, T. M %B Ecotoxicology %P 219-228 %G eng %N 9 %0 Generic %D 2000 %T Mycorrhizal weathering: A true case of mineral plant nutrition ? %A Van Breemen, N. %A Finlay, R. %A Lundstrom, U. %A Jongmans, A.G. %B Biogeochemistry %V 49 %P 53-67 %0 Conference Paper %B CAPER 2000, 11-13th April %D 2000 %T Reinvasion of urban areas by black spot and tar spot %A Jarraud, N.S. %A Bell, J.N. %A Leith, I.D. %A Fowler, D. %A Archer, S.A.A. %B CAPER 2000, 11-13th April %C Birmingham %0 Generic %D 2000 %T Seasonal ozone response of mature beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) at high altitude in the Bavarian Forest (Germany) in comparison with young beech grown in the field and in phytotrons. %A Baumgarten, M. %A Werner, H %A Haberle, K.H. %A Emberson, L.D. %A Fabian, P. %A Matyssek, R. %B Environmental Pollution %V 109 %P 431-442 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Atmospheric Environment %D 2000 %T Transboundary Air Pollution: Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level Ozone in the UK %A Smith, R.I. %A Fowler, D. %A Sutton, M.A. %A Flechard, C. %A Coyle, M. %B Atmospheric Environment %V 34 %P 3757 - 3777 %0 Journal Article %J Global Environmental Change %D 1999 %T Climate change impacts on ecosystems and the terrestrial carbon sink: a new analysis %A White, A. %A Cannell, M.G.R. %A Friend, A. D. %B Global Environmental Change %V 9 %P S21-S30 Suppl. S %0 Generic %D 1999 %T Distribution in Portugal of some pollutants in the lichen Parmelia sulcata %A Freitas, M. C %A Reis, M. A %A Alves, L. C %A Wolterbeek, H. T %B Environmental Pollution %P 229-235 %G eng %N 106 %0 Generic %D 1999 %T Ecotoxicological effects and uptake of metals (Cu+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Mo6+, Ni2+, V5+) in freshwater alga Scenedesmus quadricauda %A Fargašová, A %A Bumbalova, A %A Havranek, E %B Chemosphere %P 1165-1173 %G eng %N 38 %0 Generic %D 1999 %T The fate of mineral nitrogen in a fen with Sphagnum fallax Klinggr. and Carex rostrata Stokes (Massif-central, France) %A Francez, A.J. %A Loiseau, P. %B Canadian Journal of Botany %V 77 %P 1136-1143 %G eng %0 Generic %D 1999 %T The fate of NH4NO3 added to Sphagnum magellanicum carpets at five European mire sites %A Williams, B.L. %A Buttler, A. %A Grosvernier, P. %A Francez, A.J. %A Gilbert, D. %A Ilomets, M. %A Jauhiainen, J. %A Matthey, Y. %A Silcock, D.J. %B Biogeochemistry %V 45 %P 73-93 %0 Generic %D 1999 %T Leaf injury characteristics of grassland species exposed to ozone in relation to soil moisture condition and vapour pressure deficit. %A Bungener, P. %A Balls, G.R. %A Nussbaum, S. %A Geissmann, M. %A Grub, A. %A Fuhrer, J. %B New Phytologist %V 142 %P 271-282 %G eng %N 2 %0 Generic %D 1999 %T Methane release from peat soils: effects of Sphagnum and Juncus. %A Roura-Carol, M. %A Freeman, C. %B Soil Biology & Biochemistry %V 31 %P 323-325 %G eng %0 Generic %D 1999 %T Nitrogen and its effects on growth, nutrient status and parasite attacks in beech and Norway Spruce %A Flückiger, W. %A Braun, S. %B Water, Air and Soil Pollution %V 116 %P 99-110 %G eng %0 Generic %D 1998 %T Ammonia concentrations at a site in southern Scotland from 2 yr of continuous measurements %A Burkhardt, J. %A Sutton, M.A. %A Milford, C. %A Storeton-West, R.L. %A Fowler, D. %B Atmospheric Environment %V 32 %P 325-331 %0 Book %B Vanadium in the Environment. Part 1 Chemistry and biochemistry %D 1998 %T Bioaccumulation and transfer of vanadium in marine organisms %A Miramand, P %A Fowler, S %B Vanadium in the Environment. Part 1 Chemistry and biochemistry %I John Wiley and Sons %C New York %P 167-197 %G eng %0 Book Section %D 1998 %T Bryology for the Twenty-first Century %A Lee, J.A. %A Caporn, S.J.M %A Carroll, J. %A Foot, J.P. %A Johnson, D. %A Potter, L. %A Taylor, A.F.S. %A Bates, J.W. (Eds) %A Ashton, N.W. (Eds) %A Ducken, J.G. %P 331-341 %& Effects of ozone and atmospheric nitrogen deposition on bryophytes %0 Journal Article %J Environmental Pollutution (Nitrogen Conference Special Issue) %D 1998 %T Dispersion, deposition and impacts of atmospheric ammonia: quantifying local budgets and spatial variability %A Sutton, M.A. %A Milford, C. %A Dragosits, U. %A Place, C.J. %A Singles, R.J. %A Smith, R.I. %A Pitcairn, C.E.R. %A Fowler, D. %A Hill, J. %A ApSimon, H.M. %A Ross, C. %A Hill, R. %A Jarvis, S.C. %A Pain, B.F. %A Phillips, V.C. %A Harrison, R. %A Moss, D. %A Webb, J. %A Espenhahn, S.E. %A Lee, D.S. %A Hornung, M. %A Ullyett, J. %A Bull, K.R. %A Emmett, B.A. %A Lowe, J. %A Wyers, G.P. %B Environmental Pollutution (Nitrogen Conference Special Issue) %V 102 %P 349-361 %& 1 %0 Generic %D 1998 %T The effect of air pollution from nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on epiphytic lichens in Seville, Spain. %A Funetes, J.M.C. %A Rowe, J.G. %B Aerobiolobia %V 14 %P 241-247 %G eng %0 Generic %D 1998 %T Iron-manganese interactions among clones of nilegrass %A Foy, C. D %A Farina, M. P. W %A Oakes, A. J %B Journal of Plant Nutrition %P 987-1009 %G eng %N 21 %0 Generic %D 1998 %T Nitrogen deposition in Swiss forests and its possible relevance for leaf nutrient status, parasite attacks and soil acidification %A Flückiger, W. %A Braun, S. %B Environmental Pollution %V 102 %P 69-76 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environmental Pollutution (Nitrogen Conference Special Issue) %D 1998 %T Regional mass budgets of oxidized and reduced nitrogen and their relative contribution to the N inputs of sensitive ecosystems %A Fowler, D. %A Sutton, M.A. %A Smith, R.I. %A Pitcairn, C.E.R. %A Coyle, M. %A Campbel,l G. %A Stedman, J. %B Environmental Pollutution (Nitrogen Conference Special Issue) %V 102 %P 337-342 %& 1 %0 Journal Article %J Environmental Pollution %D 1998 %T The relationship between nitrogen deposition, species composition and foliar nitrogen concentrations in woodland flora in the vicinity of livestock farms. %A Pitcairn, C.E.R. %A Leith, I.D. %A Sheppard, L.J. %A Sutton, M.A. %A Fowler, D. %A Munro, R.C. %A Tang, S. %A Wilson, D. %B Environmental Pollution %V 102 %P 41-48 %0 Journal Article %J Environmental Pollution %D 1998 %T Soil nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions as indicators of the exceedance of critical loads of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in semi-natural ecosystems %A Skiba, U. %A Sheppard, L.J. %A Pitcairn, C.E.R. %A Leith, I.D. %A Crossley, A. %A van Dijk, S. %A Kennedy, V.J. %A Fowler, D. %B Environmental Pollution %V 102 %P 457-461 %N S1 %0 Journal Article %J Occup. Environ. Med. %D 1998 %T Urban Air Pollution and Cardiopulmonary Ill-Health - A 14.5 Year Time Series Study %A Prescott, G.J %A Cohen, G.R %A Elton, R.A. %A Fowkes, F.G.R. %A Agius, R.M. %B Occup. Environ. Med. %V 55 %P 697-704 %0 Generic %D 1997 %T Accumulation of cadmium, chromium and zinc by the moss Sphagnum papillosum Lindle %A Gstoettner, E. M %A Fisher, N. S %B Water, Air, and Soil Pollution %P 321-330 %G eng %N 93 %0 Generic %D 1997 %T Evidence that ozone exposure increases the susceptibility of plants to natural frosting episodes. %A Foot, J.P. %A Lee, J.A. %A Caporn, S.J.M %A Ashenden, T.W. %B New Phytologist %V 135 %P 369-374 %0 Generic %D 1997 %T Responses of Norwegian alpine Betula nana community to nitrogen fertilization %A Paal, J. %A Fremstad, E. %A Mols, T. %B Canadian Journal of Botany %V 75 %P 108-120 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Great Lakes Research %D 1996 %T Calculation and evaluation of sediment effect concentrations for the amphiod Hyalella azteca and the midge Chironomus riparius %A Ingersoll, C.G. %A Haverland, P.S. %A Brunson, E.L. %A Canfield, T.J. %A Dwyer, F.J. %A Henke, C.E. %A Kemble, N.E. %A Mount, D.R. %A Fox, R.G. %B Journal of Great Lakes Research %V 22 %P 602-623 %0 Generic %D 1996 %T A critical limit for acid neutralizing capacity in Norwegian surface waters, based on new analyses of fish and invertebrate responses %A Lien, L. %A Raddum, G.G. %A Fjellheim, A. %A Henriksen, A. %B Science of the Total Environment %V 177 %P 173-193. %0 Generic %D 1996 %T The effect of long-term elevated ozone concentrations on the growth and photosynthesis of Sphagnum recurvum and Polytrichum commune %A Potter, L. %A Foot, J.P. %A Caporn, S.J.M %A Lee, J.A. %B New Phytologist %V 134 %P 649-656 %0 Generic %D 1996 %T The effect of long-term ozone fumigation on the growth, physiology and frost sensitivity of Calluna vulgaris %A Foot, J.P. %A Caporn, S.J.M %A Lee, J.A. %A Ashenden, T.W. %B New Phytologist %V 133 %P 503-511 %0 Journal Article %J Energy Convervation Management %D 1996 %T Estimates of nitrous oxide emissions in the UK %A Skiba, U. %A McTaggart, I.P. %A Smith, K.A. %A Hargreaves, K.J. %A Fowler, D. %B Energy Convervation Management %V 37 %P 1303-1308 %0 Generic %D 1996 %T Herb layer vegetation of south Swedish beech and oak forests - effects of management and soil acidity during one decade. %A Brunet, J. %A Falkengren-Grerup, U. %A Tyler, G. %B Forest Ecology and Management %V 88 %P 259-272 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Great Lakes Research %D 1996 %T A preliminary evaluation of sediment quality assessment values for freshwater ecosystems %A Smith, S.L. %A MacDonald, D.D. %A Keenleyside, K.A. %A Ingersoll, C.G. %A Field, L.J. %B Journal of Great Lakes Research %V 22 %P 624-638 %0 Report %D 1996 %T A preliminary map of the distribution of methane emissions from livestock sources in Great Britain %A Sutton, M.A. %A Dragosits, U. %A Fowler, D. %A Place, C.J. %B Draft Report %I ITE Edinburgh %C Edinburgh %8 08/1996 %0 Generic %D 1996 %T Quantitative relationships of invertebrates to pH in Norwegian river systems. %A Larsen, J. %A Birksl, H.J.B, %A Raddum, G. %A Fjellheim, A. %B Hydrobiologica %V 328 %P 57-74 %G eng %0 Generic %D 1996 %T Responses of four Sphagnum species to acute ozone fumigation %A Potter, L. %A Foot, J.P. %A Caporn, S.J.M %A Lee, J.A. %B Journal Bryology %V 19 %P 19-32 %0 Generic %D 1995 %T Acidification, Nitrogen Deposition and Rapid Vegetational Change in a Small Valley Mire in Yorkshire. %A Hogg, P. %A Squires, P. %A Fitter, A.H. %B Biological Conservation %V 71 %8 143-153 %0 Journal Article %J Atmospheric Environment %D 1995 %T Assessment of the magnitude of ammonia emissions in the United Kingdom. %A Sutton, M.A. %A Place, C.J. %A Eager, M. %A Fowler, D. %A Smith, R.I. %B Atmospheric Environment %V 29 %P 1393-1411 %0 Journal Article %J Environmental Pollution %D 1995 %T Deposition of fixed atmospheric nitrogen and foliar nitrogen content of bryophytes and Calluna vulgaris %A Pitcairn, C.E.R. %A Fowler, D. %A Grace, J. %B Environmental Pollution %V 88 %P 193-205 %0 Generic %D 1995 %T Establishing critical levels for the effects of air pollution on vegetation %A Sanders, G.E. %A Skarby, L. %A Ashmore, M.R. %A Fuhrer, J. %B Water, Air and Soil Pollution %V 85 %P 189-200 %0 Generic %D 1995 %T Establishing critical levels for the effects of air pollution on vegetation %A Ashmore, M.R. %A Sanders, G.E. %A Skarby, L. %A Fuhrer, J. %B Water, Air and Soil Pollution %V 85 %P 189-200 %0 Generic %D 1995 %T Silvicultural use of wood ashes - effects on the nutrient and heavy metal balance in a pine forest soil. %A Bramryd, T. %A Fransman, B. %B Water, Air and Soil Pollution %V 85 %P 1039-1044 %0 Report %D 1994 %T Acidification of freshwater ecosystems: implications for the future. Environmental Sciences Research Report %A Raddum, G.G. %A Fjeilheim, A. %A Steinberg, C.E.W. (Eds) %A Wright, R.F. (Eds) %I John Wiley and Sons %C Chitchester %V ES14 %P 345-354 %& Invertebrate community changes caused by reduced acidification %0 Report %D 1994 %T The control of Brachypodium pinnatum in chalk grasslands: influence of management and nutrients %A Baxter, D. %A Farmer, A.M. %B English Nature Research Report %I English Nature %C Peterborough %V 100 %0 Report %D 1994 %T Critical levels for ozone; a UNECE workshop report %A Fuhrer, J. %E Achermann, B. %B FAC Report no. 16 %I Swiss Federal Research Station for Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Hygiene %C Liebefeld-Bern %0 Journal Article %J Environmental Pollution %D 1994 %T Effects of atmospheric ammonia on vegetation - a review %A Fangmeir, A. %A Hadwiger-Fangmeir, A. %A Van der Eerden, L.J.M. %A Jager, H.J. %B Environmental Pollution %V 86 %P 43-82 %0 Book %B Plant Responses to the Gaseous Environment: Molecular, Metabolic and Physiological Aspects %D 1994 %T Effects of ozone on interactions between plants, consumers and decomposers. %A Jones, C.G. %A Coleman, J.S. %A Findlay, S. %A Alsher, R.G. (Eds) %A Wellburn, A.R. %B Plant Responses to the Gaseous Environment: Molecular, Metabolic and Physiological Aspects %I Chapman & Hall %C London %P 339-363 %0 Generic %D 1994 %T The effects of various platinum metal species on the water plant Eichhornia crassipes (MART.). Solms. %A Farago, M. E %A Parsons, P. J %B Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability %P 1-12 %G eng %N 6 %0 Report %D 1994 %T Group report: are chemical and biological changes reversible? %A Dise, N.B. %A Ahlf, W. %A Brahmer, G. %A Cosby, B.J. %A Fott, J. %A Hauhs, M. %A Juttner, I. %A Kreutzer, K. %A Raddum, G.G. %A Wright, R.F. %E Steinberg, C.E.W. %E Wright, R.F. %B Acidification of freshwater ecosystems: implications for the future %I John Wiley and Sons %C Chichester %P 375-391 %0 Report %D 1994 %T Group report: interactions among acidification, phosphorus, contaminants and biota in freshwater ecosystems %A Landers, D.H. %A Bayley, S.E. %A Ford, J. %A Gunn, J.M. %A Lukewille, A. %A Norton, S.A. %A Steinberg, C.E.W. %A Vesely, J. %A Zahn, M.T. %E Steinberg, C.E.W. %E Wright, R.F. %B Acidification of freshwater ecosystems: implications for the future %I John Wiley and Sons %C Chichester %P 185-200 %0 Generic %D 1994 %T Response of blue spruce (Picea pungens) to manganese pollution from MMT %A Forget, E. %A Courchesne, F %A Kennedy, G %A Zayed, J. %B Water Air and Soil Pollution %P 319-324 %G eng %N 73 %0 Generic %D 1994 %T ): A survey of the threat of surface water acidification to the nature conservation interest of fresh-waters on Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Britain %A Rimes, C.A. %A Farmer, A.M. %A Howell, D.l. %B Aquatic Conservation - Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems %V 4 %P 31-44 %0 Generic %D 1994 %T Toxicity of nickel ores to marine organisms %A Florence, T. M %A Stauber, J. L %A Ahsanullah, M %B Science of the Total Environment %P 139-156 %G eng %N 148 %0 Generic %D 1993 %T The effects of dust on vegetation - a review %A Farmer, A.M. %B Environmental Pollution %V 79 %P 63-75 %F critical load level reference %0 Report %D 1993 %T The Environmental Implications of UK Sulphur Emission Policy Options for England and Wales %A Farmer, A.M. %A Bareham, S.A. %B JNCC Report 176 %I Joint Nature Conservation Committee %C Peterborough %0 Report %D 1993 %T Estimating the relative contribution of SOx, NOy and NHx inputs to effects of atmospheric deposition %A Sutton, M.A. %A Fowler, D. %B Critical loads: concept and applications. Grange-over-Sands Workshop %I HMSO %C London %8 02/1992 %0 Book %B Critical loads: concept and applications. (Grange-over-Sands Workshop, 2/1992) [Eds: Hornung M. and Skeffington R.A.] %D 1993 %T Estimating the relative contribution of SOx�, NOx and NHx inputs to effects of atmospheric deposition %A Sutton, M.A. %A Fowler, D. %B Critical loads: concept and applications. (Grange-over-Sands Workshop, 2/1992) [Eds: Hornung M. and Skeffington R.A.] %I HMSO %C London %P 119-126 %0 Generic %D 1993 %T The exchange of ammonia between the atmosphere and plant communities. %A Sutton, M.A. %A Pitcairn, C.E.R. %A Fowler, D. %B Advances in Ecological Research %V 24 %P 301-393 %0 Journal Article %J Biological Conservation %D 1993 %T Impacts of sulphur and nitrogen deposition on sites and species of nature conservation importance in Great Britain %A Woodin, S.J. %A Farmer, A.M. %B Biological Conservation %V 63 %P 23-30 %0 Report %D 1993 %T Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and N:P ratios in Norwegian lakes. Perspective on nutrient limitation %A Faafeng, B. %A Hessen, D.O. %B Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie %P 505-507 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 1993 %T Nitrogen eutrophication and critical load for nitrogen based upon changes in flora and fauna in (semi)-natural terrestrial ecosystems %A Bobbink, R. %A Boxman, D. %A Fremstad, E. %A Heil, G. %A Houdijk, A. %A Roelofs, J. %S Critical loads for nitrogen. Proceedings of a UN-ECE workshop at Lökeberg, Sweden, 6-10 April 1992 %I Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, Denmark %C Lökeberg, Sweden %P pp. 111-159 %0 Report %D 1993 %T SSSIs in England at risk from acid rain %A Bissett, K. %A Farmer, A.M. %B English Nature Science 15 %C Peterborough %0 Book %D 1992 %T Bryophytes and Lichens in a Changing Environment. %A Bates, J.W. %A Farmer, A.M. (Eds) %I Clarendon Press %C Oxford %0 Generic %D 1992 %T Deposition of Atmospheric Ammonia to Moorlands. %A Sutton, M.A. %A Moncrieff, J.B. %A Fowler, D. %B Environmental Pollution %V 75 %P 15-24 %0 Book Section %B Bryophytes and lichens in a changing environment %D 1992 %T Ecophysiological effects of acid rain on bryophytes and lichens %A Farmer, A.M. %A Bates, J.W. %A Bell, J.N.B. %A Bates, J.W. (Eds) %A Farmer, A.M. (Eds) %B Bryophytes and lichens in a changing environment %I Clarendon Press %C Oxford %0 Report %D 1991 %T Changes in species composition of semi-natural vegetation associated with the increase in atmospheric inputs of nitrogen %A Pitcairn, C.E.R. %A Fowler, D. %I Institute of Terrestrial Ecology %C Bush %0 Generic %D 1991 %T Comparisons of 3 Woodland Sites in NW Britain Differing in Richness of the Epiphytic Lobarion-Pulmonariae Community and Levels of Wet Acidic Deposition %A Farmer, A.M. %A Bates, J.W. %A Bell, J.N.B. %B . Holarctic Ecology %V 14 %P 85-91 %0 Report %D 1991 %T The effects of acid deposition on nature conservation in Great Britain %A Woodin, S.J. %A Farmer, A.M. %B NCC Focus on Nature Conservation Report 26 %I Nature Conservancy Council %C Peterborough %0 Book %B NCC Focus on Nature Conservation Report %D 1991 %T The effects of acid deposition on nature conservation in Great Britain %A Thompson, D.B.A. %A Baddeley, J.A. %A Woodin, S.J. (Eds) %A Farmer, A.M. (Eds) %B NCC Focus on Nature Conservation Report %I Nature Conservancy Council %C Peterborough %V 26 %P 17-28 %& Some effects of acidic deposition on montane Racomitrium lanuginosum heaths. %0 Book Section %B NCC Focus on Nature Conservation Report 26 %D 1991 %T The effects of acid deposition on nature conservation in Great Britain %A Lee, J.A. %A Woodin, S.J. (Eds) %A Farmer, M. (Eds) %B NCC Focus on Nature Conservation Report 26 %I Nature Conservancy Council %C Peterborough %P 12-16 %& The effects of acid deposition on blanket peatland vegetation. %0 Report %D 1991 %T The effects of acid deposition on nature conservation in Great Britain %A Soutar, R.G. %A Woodin, S.J. (Eds) %A Farmer, A.M. (Eds) %B Nature Conservation Report %I Nature Conservancy Council %C Peterborough %V 26 %P 62-66 %& Acidification and aluminium enrichment of freshwaters draining afforested catchments %0 Report %D 1991 %T The effects of acid deposition on nature conservation in Great Britain %A Ormerod, S.J. %A Woodin, S.J. (Eds) %A Farmer, A.M. (Eds) %B NCC Focus on Nature Conservation %I Nature Conservancy Council %C Peterborough %V Report 26 %P p67-73 %& Acidification and freshwater biotas %0 Generic %D 1991 %T Seasonal variations in acidic pollutant inputs and their effects on the chemistry of stemflow, bark and epiphyte tissues in three oak woodlands in N.W. Britain %A Farmer, A.M. %A Bell, J.N.B. %A Bates, J.W. %B New Phytologist %V 118 %P 441-451 %0 Generic %D 1990 %T Decline of the natterjack toad Bufo clamita in Britain: Paleoecological, documentary and experimental evidence for breeding site acidification %A Beebee, T.J.C. %A Flower, R.J. %A Stevenson, A.C. %A Patrick, S.T. %A Appleby, P.G. %A Fletcher, C. %A Marsh, C. %A Natkanski, J. %A Rippey, B. %A Batterby, R. %B Biological Conservation %V 53 %P 1-20 %0 Generic %D 1990 %T The effects of sulphur dioxide on the parasitism of the rust fungus Uromyces viciae-fabae on Vicia faba. %A Lorenzini, G, %A Farina, R. %A Guidi, L. %B Environmental Pollution %V 68 %P 1-14 %G eng %0 Generic %D 1990 %T Epiphyte recolonization of oaks along a gradient of air pollution in south-east England, 1979-1990. %A Bates, J.W. %A Farmer, A.M. %A Bell, J.N.B. %B Environmental Pollution %V 68 %P 81-99 %0 Generic %D 1990 %T Forest decline, nutrient supply and diagnostic fertilisation in southwestern Germany and in southern California. %A Huettl, R.F. %A Fink, S. %A Lutz, H.J. %A Poth, M. %A Wisniewski, J. %B Forest Ecology and Management %V 30 %P 341-350 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Soil Science %D 1990 %T Forest soil chemical changes between 1949/50 and 1987 %A Billett, M.F. %A Parker-Jervis, F. %A FitzPatrick, E.A. %A Cresser, M.S. %B Journal of Soil Science %V 41 %P 133-135 %0 Generic %D 1990 %T Mechanism of toxicity of zinc to the marine diatom Nitzschia closterium %A Stauber, J. L %A Florence, T. M %B Marine Biology %P 519-524 %G eng %N 105 %0 Generic %D 1990 %T The nutritional status of Picea abies (L.) Karst. across Europe, and implications for "forest decline". %A Cape, J.N %A Freer-Smith, P.H. %A Paterson, I.S. %A Parkinson, J.A. %A Wolfenden, J. %B Trees %V 4 %P 211-224 %G eng %N 4 %0 Journal Article %J Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences %D 1989 %T Deposition of atmospheric pollutants on forests %A Fowler, D. %A Cape, J.N %A Unsworth, M.H. %B Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences %V 324 %P 247-265 %0 Generic %D 1989 %T Effects of SO2, NO2, and O3 on Population Development and Morphological and Physiological Parameters of Native Herb Layer Species in a Beech Forest. %A Steubing, L. %A Fangmeier, A. %A Both, R. %A Frankenfeld, M. %B Environmental Pollution %V 58 %P 281-302 %G eng %0 Generic %D 1989 %T Peat acidification in Scotland %A Skiba, U. %A Cresser, M.S. %A Derwent, R.G. %A Futty, D.W. %B Nature %V 337 %P 68-69 %0 Journal Article %J Nature %D 1989 %T Peat acidification in Scotland %A Skiba, U. %A Cresser, M.S. %A Derwent, R.G. %A Futty, D.W. %B Nature %V 337 %P 68-69 %0 Book %B Manganese in soils and plants %D 1988 %T Genetic differences in plant tolerance to manganese toxicity %A Foy, C. D %A Scott, B. J. %A Fisher, J. 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