Hill MO, Downing TE, Berry PM, Coppins BJ, Hammond PS, Marquiss M, Roy DB, Telfer MG, Welch D. Climate change and Scotland's Natural Heritage - An environmental audit. Battleby: Scottish Natural Heritage; 1998.

Church JM, Coppins BJ, Gilbert OL, James P, Stewart NF. Red Data Books of Britain and Ireland: lichens. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee; 1996.

Purvis OW, Coppins BJ, Hawksworth DL, James P, Moore DM. Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. London: The Natural History Museum; 1992 p. 710.