@booklet {1418, year = {Submitted}, keywords = {af(st)y, air-pollution, aot40, critical flux versus exposure, exposure indexes, gas-exchange, lettuce, plants, protect vegetation, responses, spring wheat, standard, stomatal conductance, white clover}, author = {Goumenaki, E. and Fernandez, I. G. and Papanikolaou, A. and Papadopoulou, D. and Askianakis, C. and Kouvarakis, G. and Barnes, J.} } @article {2041, title = {Current and future ozone risks to global terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes}, volume = {6}, year = {2016}, month = {Jan-12-2016}, pages = {8785 - 8799}, abstract = {

Risks associated with exposure of individual plant species to ozone (O3) are well documented, but implications for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes have received insufficient attention. This is an important gap because feedbacks to the atmosphere may change as future O3 levels increase or decrease, depending on air quality and climate policies. Global simulation of O3 using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) revealed that in 2000, about 40\% of the Global 200 terrestrial ecoregions (ER) were exposed to O3 above thresholds for ecological risks, with highest exposures in North America and Southern Europe, where there is field evidence of adverse effects of O3, and in central Asia. Experimental studies show that O3 can adversely affect the growth and flowering of plants and alter species composition and richness, although some communities can be resilient. Additional effects include changes in water flux regulation, pollination efficiency, and plant pathogen development. Recent research is unraveling a range of effects belowground, including changes in soil invertebrates, plant litter quantity and quality, decomposition, and nutrient cycling and carbon pools. Changes are likely slow and may take decades to become detectable. CESM simulations for 2050 show that O3 exposure under emission scenario RCP8.5 increases in all major biomes and that policies represented in scenario RCP4.5 do not lead to a general reduction in O3 risks; rather, 50\% of ERs still show an increase in exposure. Although a conceptual model is lacking to extrapolate documented effects to ERs with limited or no local information, and there is uncertainty about interactions with nitrogen input and climate change, the analysis suggests that in many ERs, O3 risks will persist for biodiversity at different trophic levels, and for a range of ecosystem processes and feedbacks, which deserves more attention when assessing ecological implications of future atmospheric pollution and climate change.

Risks associated with exposure of individual plant species to ozone (O3) are well documented, but implications for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes have received insufficient attention. This is an important gap because feedbacks to the atmosphere may change as future O3\ levels increase or decrease, depending on air quality and climate policies. Global simulation of O3\ using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) revealed that in 2000, about 40\% of the Global 200 terrestrial ecoregions (ER) were exposed to O3\ above thresholds for ecological risks, with highest exposures in North America and Southern Europe, where there is field evidence of adverse effects of O3, and in central Asia. Experimental studies show that O3\ can adversely affect the growth and flowering of plants and alter species composition and richness, although some communities can be resilient. Additional effects include changes in water flux regulation, pollination efficiency, and plant pathogen development. Recent research is unraveling a range of effects belowground, including changes in soil invertebrates, plant litter quantity and quality, decomposition, and nutrient cycling and carbon pools. Changes are likely slow and may take decades to become detectable. CESM simulations for 2050 show that O3\ exposure under emission scenario RCP8.5 increases in all major biomes and that policies represented in scenario RCP4.5 do not lead to a general reduction in O3\ risks; rather, 50\% of ERs still show an increase in exposure. Although a conceptual model is lacking to extrapolate documented effects to ERs with limited or no local information, and there is uncertainty about interactions with nitrogen input and climate change, the analysis suggests that in many ERs, O3\ risks will persist for biodiversity at different trophic levels, and for a range of ecosystem processes and feedbacks, which deserves more attention when assessing ecological implications of future atmospheric pollution and climate change.
}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.2568}, author = {Fuhrer, J{\"u}rg and Val Martin, Maria and Mills, Gina and Heald, Colette L. and Harmens, Harry and Hayes, Felicity and Sharps, Katrina and Bender, J{\"u}rgen and Ashmore, Mike R.} } @article {1559, title = {A review and application of the evidence for nitrogen impacts on ecosystem services.}, volume = {7}, year = {2014}, pages = {76-88}, author = {Jones, L. and Provins, A. and Harper-Simmonds, L. and Holland, M. and Mills, G. and Hayes, F. and Emmett, B.A. and Hall, J. and Sheppard, L.G. and Smith, R. and Sutton, M. and Hicks, K. and Ashmore, M. and Haines-Young, R.} } @article {1584, title = {Using the Ecosystems Services Approach to value air quality.}, year = {2014}, institution = {DEFRA}, author = {Jones, M.L.M. and Provins, A. and Harper-Simmonds, L. and Holland, M. and Mills, G. and Hayes, F. and Emmett, B.A. and Hall, J. and Sheppard, L.J. and Smith, R. and Sutton, M. and Hicks, K. and Ashmore, M. and Haines-Young, R.} } @article {1419, title = {Microbial communities in natural and disturbed peatlands: A review}, volume = {57}, year = {2013}, pages = {979-994}, author = {Andersen, R. and Chapman, S. and Artz, R.R.E.} } @article {1528, title = {Effects of ozone on species composition in an upland grassland.}, volume = {168}, year = {2012}, pages = {1137-1146}, author = {Wedlich, K.V. and Rintoul, N. and Peacock, S. and Cape, N.J. and Coyle, M. and Toet, S. and Barnes, J. and Ashmore, M.} } @article {1460, title = {Grazing exclusion and phosphorus addition as potential local management options for the restoration of alpine moss-sedge heath.}, volume = {153}, year = {2012}, pages = {17-24}, author = {Armitage, H.F. and Britton, A.J. and Van der Wal, R. and Woodin, S.J.} } @article {1618, title = {The immediate environmental effects of tephra emission}, volume = {74}, year = {2012}, pages = {1905-1936}, author = {Ayris, P.M. and Delmelle, P.} } @article {1544, title = {Nitrogen deposition enhances moss growth but leads to an overall decline in habitat condition of mountain moss-sedge heath.}, volume = {18}, year = {2012}, pages = {290-300}, author = {Armitage, H.F. and Britton, A.J. and Van der Wal, R. and Pearce, I.S.K. and Thompson, D.B.A. and Woodin, S.J.} } @article {1362, title = {Assessing the recovery potential of alpine moss-sedge heath: reciprocal transplants along a nitrogen deposition gradient}, volume = {159}, year = {2011}, pages = {140- 147}, author = {Armitage, H.F. and Britton, A.J. and Woodin, S.J. and Van der Wal, R.} } @article {1675, title = {Ecosystem responses to reduced and oxidised nitrogen inputs in European terrestrial habitats}, volume = {159 }, year = {2011}, pages = {665-676}, author = {Stevens, C.J. and Manning, P. and Van Den Berg, L.J.L. and De Graaf, M.C.C. and Wamelink, G.W.W. and Boxman, A.W. and Bleeker, A. and Vergeer, P. and Arroniz-Crespo, M. and Limpens, J. and Lamerse, L.P.M. and Bobbink, R. and Dorland, E.} } @article {1522, title = {Elevated ozone reduces methane emissions from peatland mesocosms.}, volume = {17}, year = {2011}, pages = {288-296}, author = {Toet, S. and Ineson, P. and Peacock, S. and Ashmore, M.} } @article {1533, title = {Impacts of Ozone Pollution on Food Security in the UK: A Case Study for Two Contrasting years, 2006 and 2008.}, year = {2011}, institution = {Defra}, issn = {AQ08610}, url = {http://icpvegetation.ceh.ac.uk/ and http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/library/}, author = {Mills, G. and Hayes, F. and Norris, D. and Hall, J. and Coyle, M. and Cambridge, H. and Cinderby, S. and Abbott, J. and Cooke, S. and Murrells, T.} } @article {1556, title = {Nitrogen concentrations in mosses indicate the spatial distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Europe.}, volume = {159}, year = {2011}, pages = {2852-2860}, author = {Harmens, H. and Norris, D.A. and Cooper, D.M. and Mills, G. and Steinnes, E. and Kubin, E. and Thoni, L. and Aboal, J.R. and Alber, R. and Carballeira, A. and Coskun, M. and De Temmerman, L. and Frolova, M. and Frontasyeva, M. and Gonzales-Miqueo, L. and Jeran, Z. and Leblond, S. and Liiv, S. and Mankovska, B. and Pesch, R. and Poikolainen, J. and Ruhling, A. and Santamaria, J.M. and Simoneie, P. and Schroder, W. and Suchara, I. and Yurukova, L. and Zechmeister, H.G.} } @inbook {1676, title = {Nitrogen deposition as a threat to European Terrestrial Biodiversity}, booktitle = {European Nitrogen Assessment}, year = {2011}, pages = {463-494}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, chapter = {20}, author = {Dise, N.B. and Ashmore, M.R. and Belyazid S and Bleeker, A. and Bobbink, R. and de Vries, W. and Erisman, J.W. and Spranger, T. and Stevens, C.J. and Van Den Berg, L.J.L.} } @article {1342, title = {UK Status Report July 2011: Update to empirical critical loads of nitrogen}, year = {2011}, pages = {55pp}, author = {Hall, R.J. and Emmett, B. and Garbutt, A. and Jones, L and Rowe, E. and Sheppard, L and Vanguelova, E. and Pitman, R. and Britton, A. and Hester, A. and Ashmore, M. and Power, S. and Caporn, S.} } @article {1420, title = {Below-ground carbon allocation in mature beech and spruce trees following long-term, experimentally enhanced O3 exposure in Southern Germany}, volume = {158}, year = {2010}, pages = {2604-2609}, author = {Anderson, C.P. and Ritter, W. and Gregg, J. and Matyssek, R. and Grams, T.E.E.} } @article {1498, title = {Belowground effects of enhanced tropospheric ozone and drought in abeech/spruce forest (Fagus sylvatica L./Picea abies [L.] Karst).}, volume = {158}, year = {2010}, pages = {1071-1078}, author = {Nikolova, P.S. and Anderson, C.P. and Blaschke, H. and Matyssek, R. and Haberle, K.} } @article {1677, title = {Direct and indirect effects of nitrogen deposition on species composition change in calcareous grasslands}, volume = {17}, year = {2010}, pages = {1871-83}, author = {Van Den Berg, L.J.L. and Vergeer, P. and Rich, T.C.G. and Smart, S.M. and Guest, D. and Ashmore, M.R.} } @article {1566, title = {First Europe-wide correlation analysis identifying factors best explaining the total nitrogen concentration in mosses.}, volume = {44}, year = {2010}, pages = {3485-3491}, author = {Schroder, W. and Holy, M. and Pesch, R. and Harmens, H. and Fagerli, H. and Alber, R. and Coskun, M. and De Temmerman, L. and Frolova, M. and Gonzalez-Miqueo, L. and Jeran, Z. and Kubin, E. and Leblond, S. and Liiv, S. and Mankovska, B. and Piispanen, J. and Santamaria, J.M. and Simoneie, P. and Suchara, I. and Yurokova, L. and Thoni, L. and Zechmeister, H.G.} } @article {1696, title = {Global assessment of nitrogen deposition effects on terrestrial plant diversity: a synthesis}, volume = {20}, year = {2010}, pages = {30-59}, keywords = {arctic polar semidesert, arctic-alpine ecosystems, atmospheric deposition, boreal ecosystems, critical loads, diversity, ecoregions, long-term, mediterranean ecosystems, n-deposition, nitrogen deposition, nutrient limitation, racomitrium-lanuginosum, simulated environmental-change, southern california, species richness, temperature ecosystems, terrestrial ecosystems, tropical ecosystems, western united-states}, author = {Bobbink, R. and Hicks, K. and Galloway, J. and Spranger, T. and Alkemade, R. and Ashmore, M. and Bustamante, M. and Cinderby, S. and Davidson, E. and Dentener, F. and Emmett, B. and Erisman, J. W. and Fenn, M. and Gilliam, F. and Nordin, A. and Pardo, L. and de Vries, W.} } @article {1537, title = {Saltmarsh soil evolution after land reclamation in Atlantic estuaries (Bay of Biscay, North coast of Spain).}, volume = {114}, year = {2010}, pages = {497-507}, author = {Fernandez, S. and Santin, C. and Marquinez, J. and Alvarez, M.A.} } @article {1457, title = {Effects of ozone on inter- and intra-species competition and photosynthesis in mesocosms of Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens.}, volume = {157}, year = {2009}, pages = {208-214}, author = {Hayes, F. and Mills, G. and Ashmore, M.} } @article {1469, title = {Light limitation of nutrient-poor lake ecosystems.}, year = {2009}, pages = {506-509}, author = {Karlsson, J. and Bystrom, P. and Ask, J. and Ask, P. and Persson, L. and Jansson, M.} } @article {1480, title = {Quantifying the impact of current and future tropospheric ozone on tree biomass, growth, physiology and biochemistry: a quantitative meta-analysis.}, volume = {15}, year = {2009}, pages = {396-424}, author = {Wittig, V.E. and Ainsworth, E.A. and Naidu, S.L. and Karnosky, D.F. and Long, S.P.} } @article {1110, title = {Shifts in lake N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition}, volume = {5954}, year = {2009}, pages = {835-837}, author = {Elser, J.J. and Anderson, T. and Baron, J.S. and Bergstorm, A.K. and Jansson, M. and Kyle, M. and Nydick, K.R. and Steger, L. and Hesson, D.O.} } @article {1421, title = {Bryophyte physiological responses to, and recovery from, long-term nitrogen deposition and phosphorus fertilisation in acidic grassland.}, volume = {180}, year = {2008}, pages = {864-874}, author = {Arroniz-Crespo, M. and Leake, J.R. and Horton, P. and Phoenix, G.K.} } @article {1703, title = {Reduced nitrogen has a greater effect than oxidised nitrogen on dry heathland vegetation}, volume = {154}, year = {2008}, pages = {359-369}, keywords = {acidification, amino acids, ammonium toxicity, competition, decline, deposition, grass encroachment, herbaceous species, mesocosins, n enrichiuent, netherlands, nh4+/no3- ratios, nitrate, pinus-nigra, soil, vascular plants}, author = {Van den Berg, L. J. L. and Peters, C. J. H. and Ashmore, M. R. and Roelofs, J. G. M.} } @article {1609, title = {The use of biomonitoring tools to detect ecosystem response following exposure to contaminants emitted from a regulated industrial source.}, year = {2008}, institution = {Environment Agency}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {SC030175/SR3}, author = {Long, S. and Lister, L. and Hankard, P. and Rothery, P. and Ainsworth, G. and Rowland, P. and Walker, L. and Wright, J. and Turk, T. and Bealey, B. and Leith, I. and Cape, N. and Spurgeon, D.} } @article {1680, title = {Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007}, year = {2007}, institution = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.}, abstract = {

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.

}, author = {Solomon, S. and Qin, D. and Manning, M. and Chen, Z. and Marquis, K.B. and Averyt, M. and Tignor, M. and Miller, H.L.} } @article {1452, title = {Derivation of ozone flux-yield relationships for lettuce: a key horticultural crop.}, volume = {146}, year = {2007}, pages = {699-706}, author = {Goumenaki, E. and Fernandez, I. G. and Papanikolaou, A. and Papadopoulou, D. and Askianakis, C. and Kouvarakis, G. and Barnes, J.} } @article {1101, title = {The impacts of ozone on nature conservation }, volume = {403}, year = {2007}, author = {Morrissey, T. and Ashmore, M.R. and Emberson, L.D. and Cinderby, S. and Buker, P.} } @article {1456, title = {Meta-analysis of the relative sensitivity of semi-natural vegetation species to ozone.}, volume = {146}, year = {2007}, pages = {754-762}, author = {Hayes, F. and Jones, M.L.M. and Mills, G. and Ashmore, M.} } @article {1521, title = {The effects of tropospheric ozone on the species dynamics of calcareous grassland.}, volume = {144}, year = {2006}, pages = {500-509}, author = {Thwaites, R.H. and Asmore, M.R. and Morton, A.J. and Pakeman, R.J.} } @article {1118, title = {Ozone umbrella: effects of ground-level ozone on vegetation in the UK.}, volume = {AS06/02.}, year = {2006}, author = {Ashmore, M.R. and Keelan, R.} } @article {1674, title = {Detecting the signal of atmospheric N deposition in recent national-scale vegetation change across Britain}, volume = {4}, year = {2004}, pages = {269{\textendash}278}, author = {Smart, S.M. and Ashmore, M.R. and Hornung, M.} } @article {1429, title = {The Ecological Effects of Diffuse Air Pollution from Road Transport.}, number = {580}, year = {2004}, institution = {English Nature}, address = {Peterborough}, author = {Bignal, K. and Ashmore, M. and Power, S.} } @article {808, title = {Empirical Critical Loads for Nitrogen - Expert Workshop, Berne 2002}, volume = { 164}, year = {2003}, institution = {SAEFL}, author = {UNECE and Achermann, B. (Eds) and Bobbink, R. (Eds)} } @article {1994, title = {Biological availability of traffic-related platinum group elements (Palladium, platinum and rhodium) and other metals to zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in water containing road dust}, year = {2002}, pages = {2713-2718}, author = {Zimmermann, S and Alt, F and Messerschmidt, J and Von-Bohlen, A and Taraschewski, H and Sures, B} } @book {304, title = {Effects of oxidants at the whole plant and community level}, series = {Air Pollution and Plant Life}, year = {2002}, pages = {pp 89-118}, publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd.}, organization = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd.}, author = {Ashmore, M.R.}, editor = {Bell, J.N.B. and M. Treshow} } @article {636, title = {The influence of nitrogen deposition, competition and desiccation on growth and regeneration of Racomitrium lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid}, volume = {120}, year = {2002}, pages = {371-378}, author = {Jones, M.L.M. and Oxley, E.R.B. and Ashenden, T.W.} } @article {1323, title = {{\"O}kologie und Vegetation der W{\"a}lder Nordostdeutschlands}, year = {2002}, author = {Anders, S. and Beck, W. and Bolte, A. and Hofmann, G. and Jenssen, M. and Krakau, U. and M{\"u}ller, J.} } @article {1672, title = {Whole ecosystem N manipulation: An updated review}, number = {331}, year = {2002}, institution = {JNCC}, author = {Cunha, A. and Power, S.A. and Ashmore, M.R. and Green, P.R.S. and Haworth, B.J. and Bobbink, R.} } @article {2024, title = { Indirect effects of zinc on soil microbes via a keystone enchytraeid species}, year = {2001}, pages = {1167-1174}, author = {Salminen, J and Anh, B. T and Van-Gestel, C. A. M} } @article {1290, title = {The management of lowland neutral grasslands in Britain: effects of agricultural practices on birds and their food resources}, volume = {38}, year = {2001}, pages = {647{\textendash}664}, isbn = {1 85112 460 8}, author = {Vickery, J.A. and Tallowin, J.R. and Feber, R.E. and Asteraki, E.J. and Atkinson, P.W. and Fuller, R.J. and Brown, V.K.} } @article {1137, title = {Assessing the chronic effects of atmospheric tetrachloroethylene (PER) on plants. Note 48}, year = {2000}, publisher = {Wageningen}, address = {Netherlands}, author = {Franzaring, J. and Van der Eerden, L.J.M. and Van Dijk, C.J. and Helsper J.P.F.G. and Pikaar P.J.J. and Nijhuis E.H. and Tonneijck A.E.G.} } @article {1701, title = {Biodiversity - Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100}, volume = {287}, year = {2000}, pages = {1770-1774}, keywords = {co2, fresh-water, future, limitation, threats}, author = {Sala, O. E. and Chapin, F. S. and Armesto, J. J. and Berlow, E. and Bloomfield, J. and Dirzo, R. and Huber-Sanwald, E. and Huenneke, L. F. and Jackson, R. B. and Kinzig, A. and Leemans, R. and Lodge, D. M. and Mooney, H. A. and Oesterheld, M. and Poff, N. L. and Sykes, M. T. and Walker, B. H. and Walker, M. and Wall, D. H.} } @article {539, title = {Critical loads of sulphur and nitrogen for freshwaters in Great Britain and assessment of deposition reduction requirements with the First-order Acidity Balance (FAB) model}, volume = {4}, year = {2000}, pages = {125-140}, author = {Curtis, C. and Allott, T. and Hall, J. and Harriman, R. and Helliwel, R. and Hughes, M. and Kernan, M. and Reynolds, B. and Ullyett, J.} } @article {526, title = {The effect of exposure to NO2 and SO2 on frost hardiness in Calluna vulgaris}, volume = {43}, year = {2000}, pages = {111-119}, author = {Caporn, S.J.M and Ashenden, T.W. and Lee, J.A.} } @article {1444, title = {Growth responses to ozone in plant species from wetlands.}, volume = {44}, year = {2000}, pages = {39-48}, author = {Franzaring, J. and Tonneijck A.E.G. and Kooijman, A.W.M. and Dueck, T.A.} } @conference {237, title = {Reinvasion of urban areas by black spot and tar spot}, booktitle = {CAPER 2000, 11-13th April}, year = {2000}, address = {Birmingham}, author = {Jarraud, N.S. and Bell, J.N. and Leith, I.D. and Fowler, D. and Archer, S.A.A.} } @article {269, title = {Climate change: Scottish implications scoping study}, year = {1999}, institution = {Scottish Executive Central Research Unit}, address = {Edinburgh}, author = {Kerr, A. and Shackley, S. and Milne, R. and Allen, S.} } @article {1908, title = {Concentration and distribution of extractable elements in a soil affected by tillage systems and fertilization}, year = {1999}, pages = {185-191}, author = {Lavado, R. S and Porcelli, C. A and Alvarez, R} } @article {1904, title = {Distribution in Portugal of some pollutants in the lichen Parmelia sulcata}, year = {1999}, pages = {229-235}, author = {Freitas, M. C and Reis, M. A and Alves, L. C and Wolterbeek, H. T} } @article {483, title = {Estimating the uptake of traffic-derived NO2 from N-15 abundance in Norway spruce needles}, volume = {118(2)}, year = {1999}, pages = {124-131}, author = {Ammann, M. and Siegwolf, R. and Pichlmayer, F. and Suter, M. and Saure, M. and Brunold, C.} } @article {480, title = {Global amphibian declines: A problem in applied ecology}, volume = {30}, year = {1999}, pages = {133-165}, author = {Alford, R.A. and Richards, S.J.} } @article {830, title = {Response of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to simulated acid rain and aluminium stress}, volume = {42}, year = {1999}, pages = {289-296}, author = {Vosatka, M. and Batkhuugyin, E. and Albrechtova, J.} } @article {16, title = {Ammonia: emission, atmospheric transport and deposition}, journal = {New Phytologist}, volume = {139}, year = {1998}, pages = {27-48}, author = {Asman, W.A.H. and Sutton, M.A. and Schjoerring, J.K.} } @article {1851, title = {Arsenic in wetland vegetation: Availability, phytotoxicity, uptake and effects on plant growth and nutrition}, year = {1998}, pages = {189-199}, author = {Carbonell, A. A and Aarabi, M. A and DeLaune, R. D and Gambrell, R. P and Patrick, W. H} } @article {1868, title = {Boron, zinc iron and managanese content in four grassland species}, year = {1998}, pages = {1286-1293}, author = {Adarve, M. J and Hernandez, A. J and Gil, A and Pastor, J} } @inbook {657, title = {Bryology for the Twenty-first Century}, year = {1998}, pages = {331-341}, chapter = {Effects of ozone and atmospheric nitrogen deposition on bryophytes}, author = {Lee, J.A. and Caporn, S.J.M and Carroll, J. and Foot, J.P. and Johnson, D. and Potter, L. and Taylor, A.F.S. and Bates, J.W. (Eds) and Ashton, N.W. (Eds) and Ducken, J.G.} } @article {22, title = {Dispersion, deposition and impacts of atmospheric ammonia: quantifying local budgets and spatial variability}, journal = {Environmental Pollutution (Nitrogen Conference Special Issue)}, volume = {102}, year = {1998}, pages = {349-361}, chapter = {1}, author = {Sutton, M.A. and Milford, C. and Dragosits, U. and Place, C.J. and Singles, R.J. and Smith, R.I. and Pitcairn, C.E.R. and Fowler, D. and Hill, J. and ApSimon, H.M. and Ross, C. and Hill, R. and Jarvis, S.C. and Pain, B.F. and Phillips, V.C. and Harrison, R. and Moss, D. and Webb, J. and Espenhahn, S.E. and Lee, D.S. and Hornung, M. and Ullyett, J. and Bull, K.R. and Emmett, B.A. and Lowe, J. and Wyers, G.P.} } @article {717, title = {Effects of N additions on the stress sensitivity of Calluna vulgaris. }, volume = {138}, year = {1998}, pages = {663-673}, author = {Poser, S.A. and Ashmore, M.R. and Cousins, D. and Sheppard, L.J.} } @article {58, title = {Fluoride. In: Recognition of Air Pollutant Injury to Vegetation: A Pictorial Atlas. 2nd Edition}, year = {1998}, pages = {pp 4-1 to 4-27}, institution = {Air \& Waste Management Association}, address = {Pittsburgh, PA}, author = {Weinstein, L.H. and Davison, A.W. and Arndt, U.} } @article {720, title = {Impacts and fate of experimentally enhanced nitrogen deposition on a British lowland heath. }, volume = {102}, year = {1998}, pages = {27-34}, author = {Power, S. and Ashmore, M.R. and Cousins, D.A.} } @article {267, title = {Impacts of global change on UK species and communities}, year = {1998}, pages = {98-103}, institution = {Institute of Terrestrial Ecology}, author = {Hill, M.O. and Ashenden, T.W. and Buse, A. and Elmes, G.W. and Goss-Custard, J.D. and Thomas, J.A.} } @article {1850, title = {The influence of arsenic chemical form and concentration on Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora growth and tissue arsenic concentration}, year = {1998}, pages = {33-43}, author = {Carbonell-Barrachina, A. A and Aarabi, M. A and DeLaune, R. D and Gambrell, R. P and Patrick, W. H} } @article {1876, title = {The phytoavailability of cadmium to lettuce in long-term biosolids-amended soils}, year = {1998}, pages = {1071-1078}, author = {Brown, S. L and Chaney, R. L and Angle, J. S and Ryan, J. A} } @article {45, title = {Urban Air Pollution and Cardiopulmonary Ill-Health - A 14.5 Year Time Series Study}, journal = {Occup. Environ. Med.}, volume = {55}, year = {1998}, pages = {697-704}, author = {Prescott, G.J and Cohen, G.R and Elton, R.A. and Fowkes, F.G.R. and Agius, R.M.} } @article {839, title = {Artificial selection and heritability of ozone resistance in two populations of P. major L.}, volume = {137}, year = {1997}, pages = {645-655}, author = {Whitfield, C.P. and Davison, A.W. and Ashenden, T.W.} } @article {575, title = {Evidence that ozone exposure increases the susceptibility of plants to natural frosting episodes.}, volume = {135}, year = {1997}, pages = {369-374}, author = {Foot, J.P. and Lee, J.A. and Caporn, S.J.M and Ashenden, T.W.} } @article {485, title = {The impact of a road upon adjacent heathland vegetation: Effects on plant species composition}, volume = {34}, year = {1997}, pages = {409-417}, author = {Angold, P.G.} } @article {810, title = {Long term effects of ammonium sulphate on Calluna vulgaris}, volume = {34}, year = {1997}, pages = {208-216}, author = {Uren, S.C. and Ainsworth, N. and Power, S. and Cousins, D.A. and Huxendurp, L.M. and Ashmore, M.R.} } @article {108, title = {Short communication: Ozone levels in Paris one century ago}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment }, volume = {31}, year = {1997}, pages = {3481-3482}, author = {Anfossi, D. and Sandroni, S.} } @article {574, title = {The effect of long-term ozone fumigation on the growth, physiology and frost sensitivity of Calluna vulgaris}, volume = {133}, year = {1996}, pages = {503-511}, author = {Foot, J.P. and Caporn, S.J.M and Lee, J.A. and Ashenden, T.W.} } @article {711, title = {The effects of different ozone exposures on three contrasting populations of Plantago major L. }, volume = {132}, year = {1996}, pages = {493-502}, author = {Pearson, S. and Davison, A.W. and Reiling, K. and Ashenden, T.W. and Ollerenshaw, J.H.} } @article {1993, title = {Effects of platinum (Pt4+) on Lumbriculus variegatus M{\"u}ller (Annelida, Oligochaetae): acute toxicity and bioaccumulation}, year = {1996}, pages = {63-67}, author = {Veltz, I and Arsac, F and Biagianti-Risbourg, S and Habets, F and Lechenault, H and Vernet, G} } @article {149, title = {Exploring the balance between sources, deposition, and the environmental burden of PCDD/Fs in the U.K. environment: an aid to identifying uncertainties and research needs}, journal = {Environmental Science and Technology}, volume = {31}, year = {1996}, pages = {1-10}, author = {Duarte-Davidson, R. and Sewart, A. and Alcock, R.E. and Cousins, I.T. and Jones, K.C.} } @article {697, title = {Misting and nitrogen fertilization of shoots of a saltmarsh grass: Effects upon fungal decay of leaf blades}, volume = {108}, year = {1996}, pages = {495-502}, author = {Newell, S.Y. and Arsuffi, T.L. and Palm, L.A.} } @article {494, title = {Potential effects of rising tropospheric concentrations of CO2 and O-3 on green-algal lichens}, volume = {132}, year = {1996}, pages = {132, 641-652.}, author = {Balaguer, M. and Valladares, F. and Ascaso, C. and Barnes, J.D. and DelosRios, A. and Manrique, E. and Smith, E.C.} } @article {484, title = {Allocation of carbon in mycorrhizal Pinus ponderosa seedlings exposed to ozone.}, volume = {131}, year = {1995}, pages = {471-480}, author = {Anderson, C.P. and Rygiewicz, P.T.} } @article {582, title = {Effects of air pollution on the searching behaviour of an insect parasitoid. }, volume = {85}, year = {1995}, pages = {1425-1430}, author = {Gate, I.M. and McNeill, S. and Ashmore, M.R.} } @article {754, title = {Establishing critical levels for the effects of air pollution on vegetation}, volume = {85}, year = {1995}, pages = {189-200}, author = {Sanders, G.E. and Skarby, L. and Ashmore, M.R. and Fuhrer, J.} } @article {491, title = {Establishing critical levels for the effects of air pollution on vegetation}, volume = {85}, year = {1995}, pages = {189-200}, author = {Ashmore, M.R. and Sanders, G.E. and Skarby, L. and Fuhrer, J.} } @article {288, title = {Influence of catchment characteristics, forestry activities and deposition on nitrogen export from small forested catchments}, journal = {Water Air and Soil Pollution}, volume = {84}, year = {1995}, pages = {81-102}, author = {Lepisto, A. and Andersson, L. and Arheimer, B. and Sundblad, K.} } @article {722, title = {Long term effects of enhanced nitrogen deposition on a lowland dry heath in southern Britain. }, volume = {85}, year = {1995}, pages = {1701-1706}, author = {Power, S. and Ashmore, M.R. and Cousins, D.A. and Ainsworth, N.} } @article {297, title = {Nitrogen saturation in a long-term forest experiment with annual additions of nitrogen}, journal = {Water, Air and Soil Pollution}, volume = {85}, year = {1995}, pages = {1683-1688}, author = {Tamm, C.O. and Aronsson, A. and Popovic, B.} } @article {474, title = {Nutrient balance in Scots Pine Forest I: Design of experiments}, volume = {85}, year = {1995}, pages = {1125-1130}, author = {Abrahamsen, G. and Erstad, K.J.} } @article {481, title = {A palaeolimnological assessment of the impact of acid deposition on surface waters in northwest Scotland, a region of high sea salt inputs}, volume = {85}, year = {1995}, pages = {2425-2430}, author = {Allott, T.E.H. and Golding, P.N.E. and Harriman, R.} } @article {721, title = {Recent trends in beech tree health in southern Britain and the influence of soil type.}, volume = {85}, year = {1995}, pages = {1293-1298}, author = {Power, S. and Ashmore, M.R. and Ling, K.A.} } @article {731, title = {Relation between sulphur concentrations in Scots Pine needles and the air in northernmost Europe. }, volume = {85}, year = {1995}, pages = {1361-1366}, author = {Raitio, H. and Tuovinen, J.P. and Anttila, P.} } @article {601, title = {The relationship between salmonid fish densities and critical ANC at exceeded and non-exceeded stream sites in Scotland}, volume = {85}, year = {1995}, pages = {2455-2460}, author = {Harriman, R. and Bridcut, E.E. and Anderson, H.} } @article {482, title = {Uptake and assimilation of atmospheric NO2-N by spruce needles (Picea abies): a field study}, volume = {85}, year = {1995}, pages = {1497-1502}, author = {Ammann, M. and von Ballmoos, P. and Stalder, M. and Suter, M. and Brunold, C.} } @article {305, title = {Critical levels for ozone; a UNECE workshop report}, year = {1994}, institution = {Swiss Federal Research Station for Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Hygiene}, address = {Liebefeld-Bern}, author = {Fuhrer, J.}, editor = {Achermann, B.} } @article {492, title = {Critical levels of air pollutants for Europe}, year = {1994}, institution = {Air Quality Division, Department of the Environment}, address = {London}, author = {Ashmore, M.R. and Wilson, R.B. [Eds.]} } @book {635, title = {Effects of ozone on interactions between plants, consumers and decomposers.}, series = {Plant Responses to the Gaseous Environment: Molecular, Metabolic and Physiological Aspects}, year = {1994}, pages = {339-363}, publisher = {Chapman \& Hall}, organization = {Chapman \& Hall}, address = {London}, author = {Jones, C.G. and Coleman, J.S. and Findlay, S. and Alsher, R.G. (Eds) and Wellburn, A.R.} } @article {191, title = {Group report: are chemical and biological changes reversible?}, number = {Environmental Sciences Report ES14}, year = {1994}, pages = {375-391}, institution = {John Wiley and Sons}, address = {Chichester}, author = {Dise, N.B. and Ahlf, W. and Brahmer, G. and Cosby, B.J. and Fott, J. and Hauhs, M. and Juttner, I. and Kreutzer, K. and Raddum, G.G. and Wright, R.F.}, editor = {Steinberg, C.E.W. and Wright, R.F.} } @article {840, title = {Interactions between insects and air pollutants, in Responses to the Gaseous Environment: Molecular, metabolic and physiological aspects, }, year = {1994}, address = {London}, author = {Whittaker, J.B. and Alsher, R.G. (Eds) and Wellburn, A.R. and Chapman, P.J. and Hall} } @inbook {1714, title = {Monitoring Danish raised bogs}, booktitle = {Mires and Man: Mire Conservation in a Densely Populated Country - The Swiss Experience}, year = {1994}, pages = {284-300}, author = {Aaby, B.} } @article {1852, title = {Toxicity of nickel ores to marine organisms}, year = {1994}, pages = {139-156}, author = {Florence, T. M and Stauber, J. L and Ahsanullah, M} } @article {1900, title = {Chromium toxicity in Salvia scarea I Effects of hexavalent chromium on seed germination and seedline development}, year = {1993}, pages = {405-413}, author = {Corraddi, M and Bianchi, A and Albasini, A} } @article {652, title = {Effects of acidic gases and mists on the reproductive capability of 3 fern species}, volume = {79}, year = {1993}, pages = {267-270}, author = {Lawrence, P.A. and Ashenden, T.W.} } @article {661, title = {A survey of the health of Fagus sylvatica in southern Britain. }, volume = {30}, year = {1993}, pages = {295-306}, author = {Ling, K.A. and Power, S. and Ashmore, M.R.} } @inbook {504, title = {Biological recording of changes in British wildlife}, volume = {ITE Symposium No. 20}, year = {1992}, publisher = {HMSO}, organization = {HMSO}, chapter = {Evidence for the effects of atmopheric pollution on bryophytes from national and local recording.}, address = {London}, author = {Adams, K.J. and Preston, C.D. and Harding, P.} } @article {688, title = {Effects of Nitrogen-Oxides on Nitrate Assimilation in Bryophytes}, volume = {120}, year = {1992}, pages = {89-97}, author = {Morgan, S.M. and Lee, J.A. and Ashenden, T.W.} } @article {475, title = {Growth limiting nutrients in Sphagnum dominated bogs subject to low and high atmospheric Nitrogen supply}, volume = {80}, year = {1992}, pages = {131-40}, author = {Aerts, R. and Wallen, B. and Malmer, N.} } @article {486, title = {Soil acidification as caused by the nitrogen uptake pattern of Scots pine}, volume = {142}, year = {1992}, pages = {41-51}, author = {Arnold, G.} } @article {1907, title = {Toxicological profile for cobalt}, number = {152}, year = {1992}, institution = {gency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry}, address = {Atlanta, GA}, author = {Registry ATSD} } @article {490, title = {Air pollution and agriculture}, volume = {20}, year = {1991}, pages = {139-144}, author = {Ashmore, M.R.} } @article {1631, title = {Concurrent exposure to SO2 and/or NO2 alters groweth and Yield responses of wheat and barley to low concentrations of O3.}, volume = {118}, year = {1991}, pages = {581-591}, author = {Adaros, G. and Weigel, H.J. and Jager, H.J.} } @article {487, title = {Decline of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Europe. }, volume = {35}, year = {1991}, pages = {209-244}, author = {Arnolds, E.} } @article {503, title = {A Field-Study of Fertilization and Embryonic Development in the Common Frog (Rana-Temporaria) with Particular Reference to Acidity and Temperature}, volume = {28}, year = {1991}, pages = {346-357}, author = {Beattie, R.C. and Aston, R.J. and Milner, A.G.P.} } @article {1276, title = {Physiological effects of long term exposure to low concentrations of SO2 and NH3 on poplar leaves.}, volume = {82}, year = {1991}, pages = {32-40}, author = {van Hove, L.W.A. and van Kooten, O. and van Wijk, K.J and Vredenberg, W.J. and Adema, E.H. and Pieters, G.A.} } @article {1640, title = {Physiological effects of long term exposure to low concentrations of SO2 and NH3 on poplar leaves.}, volume = {82}, year = {1991}, pages = {32-40}, author = {van Hove, L.W.A. and van Kooten, O. and van Wijk, K.J and Vrendenberg, W.J. and Adema, E.H. and Pieters, G.A.} } @article {823, title = {Physiological-effects of long-term exposure to low concentrations of SO2 and NH3 on poplar leaves}, volume = {82}, year = {1991}, pages = {32-40}, author = {van Hove, L.W.A. and Vankooten, O. and Vanwijk, K.J. and Vredenberg, W.J. and Adema, E.H. and Pieters, G.A.} } @article {1643, title = {Single and Interactive Effects of Low Levels of O3, SO2 and NO2 on the Growth and Yield of Spring Rape.}, volume = {72}, year = {1991}, pages = {269-286}, author = {Adaros, G. and Weigel, H.J. and Jager, H.J.} } @article {1649, title = {The yield of winter cereals exposed to sulphur dioxide under field conditions.}, volume = {33}, year = {1991}, pages = {193-213}, author = {McLeod, A.R. and Roberts, T.M. and Alexander, K. and Cribb, D.M.} } @article {1530, title = {Afforestation and Lake Acidification: A Comparison of Four Sites in Scotland.}, volume = {327}, year = {1990}, pages = {337-383}, author = {Kreiser, A.M. and Appleby, P.G. and Natkanski, J. and Rippey, B. and Battarbee, R.W.} } @article {1630, title = {Air Pollution and Agricultural Aphid Pests. I: Fumigation Experiments with SO2 and NO2.}, volume = {67}, year = {1990}, pages = {305-314}, author = {Houlden, G. and McNeill, S. and Aminu-Kano, M. and Bell, J.N.B.} } @article {1464, title = {Air pollution and agricultural aphid pests. I: Fumigation experiments with SO2 and NO2.}, volume = {67}, year = {1990}, pages = {305-314}, author = {Houlden, G. and McNeill, S. and Aminu-Kano, M. and Bell, J.N.B.} } @article {507, title = {Decline of the natterjack toad Bufo clamita in Britain: Paleoecological, documentary and experimental evidence for breeding site acidification}, volume = {53}, year = {1990}, pages = {1-20}, author = {Beebee, T.J.C. and Flower, R.J. and Stevenson, A.C. and Patrick, S.T. and Appleby, P.G. and Fletcher, C. and Marsh, C. and Natkanski, J. and Rippey, B. and Batterby, R.} } @article {489, title = {Effects of nitrogen dioxide pollution on the growth of 3 fern species.}, volume = {66}, year = {1990}, pages = {301-308}, author = {Ashenden, T.W. and Bell, S.A. and Rafarel, C.R.} } @article {828, title = {Lichen Physiology and Air-Pollution .2. Statistical-Analysis of the Correlation between SO2, NO2, NO and O3, and Chlorophyll Content, Net Photosynthesis, Sulfate Uptake and Protein- Synthesis of Parmelia-Sulcata Taylor}, volume = {115}, year = {1990}, pages = {431-437}, author = {Von Arb, C. and Mueller, C. and Ammann, K. and Brunold, C.} } @article {1998, title = {Phytoavailability and toxicity of beryllium and vanadium}, year = {1990}, pages = {203-212}, author = {Kaplan, D and Sajwan, K and Adriano, D and Gettier, S} } @article {276, title = {Successional changes in the soft-water macrophyte vegetation of (sub)atlantic, sandy, lowland regions during this century}, journal = {Freshwater Biology}, volume = {24}, year = {1990}, pages = {287-294}, author = {Arts, G.H.P. and Van der Velde, G. and Roelofs, J.G.M. and Van Swaay, C.A.M.} } @article {1651, title = {Yield Responses of Different Crop Species to Long-Term Fumigation with Sulphur Dioxide in Open-Top Chambers}, volume = {67}, year = {1990}, pages = {15-28}, author = {Weigel, H.J. and Adaros, G. and Jager, H.J.} } @article {1899, title = { A comparison of plant toxicities of some industrial chemicals in soil culture and soilless culture}, year = {1989}, pages = {219-229}, author = {Adema, D and Henzen, L} } @article {476, title = {Fertilization in a mature Scots pine (Pinus-sylvestris l) stand - effects on fine roots}, volume = {106}, year = {1988}, pages = {179-190}, author = {Ahlstrom, K. and Persson, H. and Boriesson, I.} } @book {60, title = {Lake Acidification in the United Kingdom 1800-1986}, year = {1988}, publisher = {ENSIS Publishing}, organization = {ENSIS Publishing}, address = {London}, author = {Battarbee, R.W. and Anderson, N.J. and Appleby, P.G. and Flower, R.J. and Fritz, S.C. and Haworth, E.Y. and Higgitt, S. and Jones, V.J. and Kreiser, A. and Munro, M.A.R. and Natkanski, J. and Oldfield, F. and Patrick, S.T. and Richardson, N.G. and Rippey, B. and Stevenson, A.C.} } @article {15, title = {Modelled historical concentrations and depositions of ammonia and ammonium in Europe}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {22}, year = {1988}, pages = {725-735}, author = {Asman, W.A.H. and Drukker, B. and Janssen, A.J.} } @article {289, title = {Acid Rain and Trees}, journal = {Focus on Nature Conservation No. 19. }, year = {1987}, author = {Ling, K.A. and Ashmore, M.R.} } @article {254, title = {Air pollution injury to vegetation}, year = {1986}, institution = {IEHO}, address = {Chadwick House, London}, author = {Taylor, H. J. and Ashmore, M.R. and Bell, J.N.B.} } @article {165, title = {The effects of London{\textquoteright}s air on plant growth}, journal = {London Environ. Bull.}, volume = {3}, year = {1985}, pages = {4-5}, author = {Ashmore, M.R. and Dalpra, C.} } @article {740, title = {Effects of O3, SO2, and acidic rain on mycorrhizal infection in northern red oak seedlings}, volume = {63}, year = {1985}, pages = {2049-2055}, author = {Reich, P.B. and Schoettle, A.W. and Stroo, H.F. and Trojano, J. and Amundsen, R.G.} } @article {1634, title = {Effects of sulphur dioxide fumigation on soil system and growth behaviour of Vicia faba plants.}, volume = {86}, year = {1985}, pages = {69-78}, author = {Agrawal, M. and Nandi, P.K. and Rao, D.N.} } @article {179, title = {Effects of acidic deposition on forest soils and vegetation}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B}, volume = {305}, year = {1984}, pages = {369-382}, author = {Abrahamsen, G.} } @inbook {1653, title = {Effects of SO2 on light-modulated enzyme reactions}, booktitle = {Gaseous Air Pollutants and Plant Metabolism}, year = {1984}, publisher = {Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd }, organization = {Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd }, chapter = {Effects of SO2 on light-modulated enzyme reactions}, author = {Alscher, R.} } @article {479, title = {Effects of N fertilisation on populations of fine roots and mycorrhizas in spruce humus}, volume = {71}, year = {1983}, pages = {49-53}, author = {Alexander, I.J. and Fairley, R.I.} } @article {493, title = {Studies on the tolerance of SO2 of grass populations in polluted areas - I}, volume = {88}, year = {1981}, pages = {203-222}, author = {Ayazloo, M. and Bell, J.N.B.} } @book {478, title = {Water Quality Criteria for Freshwater Fish}, year = {1980}, publisher = {Butterworths}, organization = {Butterworths}, address = {London, Boston}, author = {Alabaster, S. and Lloyd, R.} } @article {1422, title = {The effects of long-term exposures to SO2 and NO2 pollution on the growth of Dactylis glomerata L. and Poa pratensis L.}, volume = {18}, year = {1979}, pages = {249-258}, author = {Ashenden, T.W.} } @article {1916, title = {Hematological anomalies in a fresh water teleost, Colisa fasciatus on acute exposure to cobalt}, year = {1979}, pages = {197-199}, author = {Srivaastiva, R. N and Agrawal, S. J} } @article {1979, title = {Reproducibility of short-term and reproduction toxicity experiments with Daphnia magna and comparison of the sensitivity of Daphnia magna with Daphnia pulex and Daphnia cucullata in short-term experiments}, year = {1978}, pages = {135-140}, author = {Canton, J. H and Adema, D. M. M} } @article {219, title = {Survey of ozone levels in British Isles using indicator plants}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {276(5690)}, year = {1978}, pages = {813-815}, author = {Ashmore, M.R. and Bell, J.N.B. and Reily, C.L.} } @article {1841, title = {Etude experimentale de la toxicitie aigue de sels de cobalt, d{\textquoteright}antimonie, des trontium et d{\textquoteright}argent chez qelques crustaces et leurs larves et chez quelque teleosteens}, year = {1976}, pages = {79-93}, author = {Amiard, J. C.} } @article {1646, title = {The effect of sulphur dioxide on the incidence and severity of bean rust and early blight of tomato.}, volume = {9}, year = {1975}, pages = {145-155}, author = {Weinstein, L.H. and McCune, D.C. and Aluisio, A.L. and van Leuken, P.} } @article {1848, title = {Influence of soil arsenic on the growth of lowbush blueberry}, year = {1973}, pages = {335-337}, author = {Anastasia, F. B and Kender, W. J.} } @article {1973, title = {The effect of increased temperature upon the acute toxicity of some heavy metal ions}, year = {1972}, pages = {91-96}, author = {Rehwoldt, R and Menapace, L. W and Nerrie, B and Alessandrello, D} } @article {314, title = {Results of the Tees-side investigation}, number = {Report AERE-R6983}, year = {1972}, institution = {Harwell Laboratory}, address = {Didcot, Oxon, UK}, author = {Eggleston, A.E.J. and Atkins, D.H.F.} } @article {1975, title = { Survival of fish in 164 herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, wetting agents and miscellaneous substances}, year = {1969}, pages = {29-35}, author = {Alabaster, J. S} }