Reference | Pollution Recipient | Specific type | Method used in paper | Concentration ranges** | Duration of pollution | Source of pollution | Type of study |
Houlden et al., 1990 | Animal | Aphids | A variety of aphid types were allowed to develop upon different crop plants following/during fumigation with SO2. Weights then measured. | 100 ppb | 7 hours | Synthetic | Laboratory |
Adaros et al., 1991 | Plant | Wheat | Crops grown in open-top chambers were exposed continuously to SO2 over the course of the growing season | 19 ug.m-3 | 98-108 days | Synthetic | Non-closed field |
Baker et al., 1986 | Plant | Barley | Automated fumigation of field plot in order to maintain constant concentration of SO2 (measured by conc sensor). Concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 used in first year experiment. Concentrations of 40, 80 and 120 used in second year experiment. | 40-200 ppb | 182 days and 198 days | Synthetic | Partially controlled field |
Steubing et al., 1989 | Plant | Forest floor plants | Open chamber fumigation of 1m2 plots | 300 ug.m-3 | (22-33) x 4h weekly fumigation periods | Synthetic | Field |
Agrawal et al., 1985 | Plant | Broad bean | 1.5 x 1.5 m plots of Broad beans (Vicia Faba L.) under closed polythene chambers are fumigated with SO2. | 500 ppb | (40-100) x 4h daily fumigations | Synthetic | Laboratory |
Mansfield et al., 1991 | Plant | Winter barley | Winter barley fumigated with SO2 using an open-air fumigation system | 14-48 ppb
| 9 months | Synthetic | Field (open chambers) |
Wollmer & Kottke, 1990 | Plant | Beech and fir trees | 10-13 year old trees exposed to SO2 in open topped chambers. | 15--60 ug.m-3 | 5 years (total) | Synthetic | Field (open chambers) |
Lorenzini, G et al., 1990 | Plant | Wheat cultivars | Fumigation in closed perspex chambers | 74 ppb
| 128 days | Synthetic
| Laboratory |
Lostein & Davis, 1983 | Plant | Tomato | Tomato plants, some sprayed with fungicide, some not, were grown in the presence of airborne fungal inoculum, then moved into chambers and either exposed to SO2 or charcoal filtered air. | 393 ug.m-3 | (1-4) x 72 hour | Synthetic | Laboratory |
Hibben & Taylor, 1975 | Plant | Lilac | Exposed to SO2 concentrations within plexiglass chambers. | 0.3-1 ppm | 1-72 hours | Synthetic | Laboratory |
Hove et al., 1991 | Plant |
| Plants exposed to SO2 concentrations within fumigation chambers, then examined in gas chambers | 112 ug.m-3 | 7 weeks | Synthetic | Laboratory |
Garsed & Rutter, 1982 | Plant | Conifer trees |
| 200 -17000 ug.m-2 | Varies (6 hours to 11 months) | Synthetic | Field and greenhouse |
Dohmen, 1985 | Animal | Aphids | Chambers containing aphid-infested rose bushes were fumigated with either ambient Munich air or charcoal-filtered air. | 5-200 ug.m-3 | 3 days | Atmospheric | Field |
Adaros et al., 1991 | Plant | Oilseed rape |
| 11-116 ug m-3 | 84-113 days | Synthetic | Laboratory |
Will-Wolf, 1980 | Plant | Lichens | Population and species analysis of species and populations within areas surrounding coal power plant | <2 -4 ug.m-2.yr-1 | Approx 4 years | Atmospheric | Field |
Bell et al., 1979 | Plant | Perennial ryegrass | Plants exposed to SO2 concentrations within perspex chambers. | 43-432 ug m-3 | Up to 194 days | Synthetic | Laboratory |
Weinstein et al., 1975 | Plant
| Pinto beans and other crops | Plants exposed to SO2 concentrations before or after inoculation with diseases, if at all
| 0-410ug m-3 | 7-8 days | Synthetic | Laboratory |
Fields & StClair, 1984 | Plant | Lichens | Prepared lichens exposed to SO2 concentrations in plexiglass chambers | 0-2 ppm | 4-12 hrs | Synthetic | Laboratory |
Lorenzini, G et al., 1990 | Plant | Broad beans | Broad beans grown in fumigation chambers fumigated with controlled concentrations of SO2 | 40-130 nl l-1 | 7-40 days | Synthetic | Laboratory |
McLeod et al., 1991 | Plant | Winter Barley and Winter wheat | Open air fumigation of 9 m diameter area within 27 m diameter fumigation plot | 0.014-0.058 ul l-1 | Full growing season | Synthetic | Field |
Colls et al., 1992 | Plant | Winter barley | Field release system used to expose winter barley to concentration peaks for set periods within a repeating 6-day cycle across the growing season. | 29-188 ppb |
| Synthetic | Field |
Weigel et al., 1990 | Plant | Rape seed, summer barley and bush beans | Continuous exposure in open-top chambers | 8-190 ug m-3 | Full growing season | Synthetic | Field |
Thomas et al., 1943 | Plant | Alfalfa | Alfalfa plants grown in environments of low, medium and high pH, nutrient and sulphur and fumigated with SO2 | 0.09-0.11 ppm | 6-7 hours, 6 days per week | Synthetic | Greenhouse |
Alscher, 1984 | Plant | Review | Review | Laboratory papers reviewed |
|
| Review |
McLaughlin et al., 1979 | Plant | Red kidney beans | Kidney bean plants fumigated in chambers with SO2 concentrations of varying max peak : average conc ratios. | 0.5-2.0 ppm | 1-3 hours exposure at different intervals | Synthetic | Laboratory |
Thomas et al., 1944 | Plant | Alfalfa | Field plots covered by celluloid cabinets and fumigated with SO2 | 0.141-0.822 ppm | 45 minutes | Synthetic | Field |
Hill & Thomas, 1933 | Plant | Alfalfa | Fumigation of field plots in closed cabinets | 0.3-4.1 ppm |
| Synthetic | Field |
* note papers are detailed this is one aspect of the study highlighted