@article {2041, title = {Current and future ozone risks to global terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes}, journal = {Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {6}, year = {2016}, month = {Jan-12-2016}, pages = {8785 - 8799}, abstract = {

Risks associated with exposure of individual plant species to ozone (O3) are well documented, but implications for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes have received insufficient attention. This is an important gap because feedbacks to the atmosphere may change as future O3 levels increase or decrease, depending on air quality and climate policies. Global simulation of O3 using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) revealed that in 2000, about 40\% of the Global 200 terrestrial ecoregions (ER) were exposed to O3 above thresholds for ecological risks, with highest exposures in North America and Southern Europe, where there is field evidence of adverse effects of O3, and in central Asia. Experimental studies show that O3 can adversely affect the growth and flowering of plants and alter species composition and richness, although some communities can be resilient. Additional effects include changes in water flux regulation, pollination efficiency, and plant pathogen development. Recent research is unraveling a range of effects belowground, including changes in soil invertebrates, plant litter quantity and quality, decomposition, and nutrient cycling and carbon pools. Changes are likely slow and may take decades to become detectable. CESM simulations for 2050 show that O3 exposure under emission scenario RCP8.5 increases in all major biomes and that policies represented in scenario RCP4.5 do not lead to a general reduction in O3 risks; rather, 50\% of ERs still show an increase in exposure. Although a conceptual model is lacking to extrapolate documented effects to ERs with limited or no local information, and there is uncertainty about interactions with nitrogen input and climate change, the analysis suggests that in many ERs, O3 risks will persist for biodiversity at different trophic levels, and for a range of ecosystem processes and feedbacks, which deserves more attention when assessing ecological implications of future atmospheric pollution and climate change.

Risks associated with exposure of individual plant species to ozone (O3) are well documented, but implications for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes have received insufficient attention. This is an important gap because feedbacks to the atmosphere may change as future O3\ levels increase or decrease, depending on air quality and climate policies. Global simulation of O3\ using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) revealed that in 2000, about 40\% of the Global 200 terrestrial ecoregions (ER) were exposed to O3\ above thresholds for ecological risks, with highest exposures in North America and Southern Europe, where there is field evidence of adverse effects of O3, and in central Asia. Experimental studies show that O3\ can adversely affect the growth and flowering of plants and alter species composition and richness, although some communities can be resilient. Additional effects include changes in water flux regulation, pollination efficiency, and plant pathogen development. Recent research is unraveling a range of effects belowground, including changes in soil invertebrates, plant litter quantity and quality, decomposition, and nutrient cycling and carbon pools. Changes are likely slow and may take decades to become detectable. CESM simulations for 2050 show that O3\ exposure under emission scenario RCP8.5 increases in all major biomes and that policies represented in scenario RCP4.5 do not lead to a general reduction in O3\ risks; rather, 50\% of ERs still show an increase in exposure. Although a conceptual model is lacking to extrapolate documented effects to ERs with limited or no local information, and there is uncertainty about interactions with nitrogen input and climate change, the analysis suggests that in many ERs, O3\ risks will persist for biodiversity at different trophic levels, and for a range of ecosystem processes and feedbacks, which deserves more attention when assessing ecological implications of future atmospheric pollution and climate change.
}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.2568}, author = {Fuhrer, J{\"u}rg and Val Martin, Maria and Mills, Gina and Heald, Colette L. and Harmens, Harry and Hayes, Felicity and Sharps, Katrina and Bender, J{\"u}rgen and Ashmore, Mike R.} } @article {1629, title = {Effects of long-term exposure to ammonium sulfate particles on growth and gas exchange rates of Fagus crenata, Castanopsis sieboldii, Larix kaempferi and Cryptomeria japonica seedlings.}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, year = {2014}, pages = {1-8}, author = {Yamaguchi, M. and Otani, Y. and Li, P. and Nagao, H. and Lenggoro, I.W. and Ishida, A. and Yazaki, K. and Nogucki, K. and Nakaba, S. and Yamane, K. and Kuroda, K. and Sano, Y. and Funada, R. and Izuta, T.} } @article {1496, title = {Evidence of recovery from acidification in the macroinvertebrate assemblages of UK fresh waters: A 20-year time series.}, journal = {Ecological Indicators}, volume = {37}, year = {2014}, pages = {330-340}, author = {Murphy, J.F. and Winterbottom, J.H. and Orton, S. and Simpson, G.L. and Shilland, E.M. and Hildrew, A.G.} } @article {1702, title = {Inertia in an ombrotrophic bog ecosystem in response to 9 years{\textquoteright} realistic perturbation by wet deposition of nitrogen, separated by form.}, journal = {Global Change Biology}, volume = {20}, year = {2014}, pages = {566-580}, keywords = {ammonium, atmospheric nitrogen, boreal mire, calluna, calluna-vulgaris, chronology, cover, critical loads, dry heathland, field manipulation, global change, growth, n deposition, nitrate, peatland, plant, sphagnum bogs, sphagnum capillifolium, vegetation}, author = {Sheppard, L. 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in Europe (1990{\textendash}2006) in relation to AOT40- and flux-based risk maps.}, journal = {Global Change Biology}, volume = {17}, year = {2011}, pages = {592-613}, author = {Mills, G. and Hayes, F. and Simpson, D. and Emberson, L. and Norris, D. and Harmens, H. and Buker, P.} } @article {1660, title = {Impacts on agriculture following the 1991 eruption of Vulcan Hudson, Patagonia: lessons for recovery.}, journal = {Natural Hazards}, volume = {57}, year = {2011}, pages = {185-212}, author = {Wilson, T. and Cole, J. and Cronin, S. and Stewart, C. and Johnston, D.} } @article {1296, title = {Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vegetation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives}, number = {No. 449}, year = {2011}, institution = {JNCC}, author = {Emmett, B.A. and Rowe, E.C. and Stevens, C.J. and Gowing, D.J. and Henrys, P.A. and Maskell, L.C. and Smart, S.M.} } @article {1578, title = {The legacy of enhanced N and S deposition as revealed by the combined analysis of 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Nitrogen deposition and Natura 2000: Science and practice in determining environmental impacts}, year = {2011}, pages = {59-71}, publisher = {COST Office - European Cooperation in Science and Technology,.}, organization = {COST Office - European Cooperation in Science and Technology,.}, author = {Sutton, M.A. and Leith, I.D. and Bealey, W. 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Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.

}, author = {Solomon, S. and Qin, D. and Manning, M. and Chen, Z. and Marquis, K.B. and Averyt, M. and Tignor, M. and Miller, H.L.} } @article {1491, title = {Dissolved organic carbon trends resulting from changes in atmospheric deposition chemistry.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {450}, year = {2007}, pages = {537-539}, author = {Monteith, D.T. and Stoddard, J.L. and Evans, C.D. and De Wit, H.A. and Forsius, M. and Hogasen, T. and Wilander, A. and Skjelkvale, B.L. and Jeffries, D.S. and Vuorenmaa, J. and Keller, B. and Kop{\'a}cek, J. and Vesely, J.} } @article {1681, title = { Indirect radiative forcing of climate change through ozone effects on the land-carbon sink}, journal = {Nature}, year = {2007}, edition = {448}, author = {Sitch, S. and Cox, P.M. and Collins, W.J. and Huntingford, C.} } @article {1486, title = {Interactive effects of ozone and climate on water use, soil moisture content and streamflow in a southern Appalachian forest in the USA.}, journal = {New Phytologist}, volume = {174}, year = {2007}, pages = {125-136}, author = {McLaughlin, S.B. and Wullschleger, S.D. and Sun, G. and Nosal, M.} } @article {1435, title = {Ozone sensitivity differences in five tomato cultivars: visible injury and effects on biomass and fruits.}, journal = {Water Air and Soil Pollution}, volume = {186}, year = {2007}, pages = {167-181}, author = {Calvo, E. and Martin, C. and Sanz, M.J.} } @article {1307, title = {Potassium and phosphorus additions modify the response of Sphagnum capillifolium growing on a Scottish ombrotrophic bog to enhanced nitrogen deposition}, journal = {Applied Geochemistry}, volume = {22}, year = {2007}, pages = {1111{\textendash}1121}, author = {Carfrae, J. 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Mitt.and Scleropodium purum (Hedw.) Limpr. in relation to atmospheric nitrogen deposition.}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {134}, year = {2005}, pages = {465-473}, author = {Solga, A. and Burkhardt, J. and Zechmeister, H.G. and Frahm, J.P.} } @article {1549, title = {Nitrogen saturation in UK moorlands: the critical role of bryophytes and lichens in determining retention of atmospheric N deposition.}, journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology}, volume = {42}, year = {2005}, pages = {507-517}, author = {Curtis, C.J. and Emmett, B.A. and Grant, H. and Kernan, M. and Reynolds, B. and Shilland, E.} } @inbook {1278, title = {Refining and testing the Ellenberg Index biomonitoring method at the intensive sites}, year = {2005}, pages = {230}, publisher = {JNCC}, organization = {JNCC}, edition = {Biomonitoring methods for assessing the impacts of nitrogen pollution: refinement and testing}, chapter = {4}, author = {Pitcairn, C.E.R. and Leith, I.D. and van Dijk N. and Sutton, M.A.} } @article {1121, title = {A study of the epiphytic communities of Atlantic oak woods along an atmospheric nitrogen deposition gradient}, journal = {Journal of Ecology }, volume = {93}, year = {2005}, pages = {482-492}, author = {Mitchell, R. and Truscot, A. and Leith, I. and Cape, J. and van Dijk, N. and Tang, Y. and Fowler, D. and Sutton, M.A.} } @article {1281, title = {An Automated Wet Deposition System to Compare the Effects of Reduced and Oxidised N on Ombrotrophic Bog Species: Practical Considerations}, journal = {Water, Air and Soil Pollution: Focus}, volume = {4 (6)}, year = {2004}, pages = {197-205}, author = {Sheppard, L.J. and Crossley, A. and Leith, I.D. and Hargreaves, K.J. and Carfrae, J. and van Dijk, N. and Cape, J.N and Sleep, D. and Fowler, D. and Raven, J.A.} } @article {253, title = {Bioindicator and biomonitoring methods for assessing the effects of atmospheric nitrogen on statutory nature conservation sites}, year = {2004}, address = {Peterborough}, author = {Sutton, M.A. and Pitcairn, C.E.R. and Leith, I.D. and van Dijk, N. and Tang, Y.S. and Skiba, U. and Smart, S. and Mitchell, R. and Wolseley, P. and James, P. and Purvis, W. and Fowler, D.}, editor = {Sutton, M.A. and Pitcairn, C.E.R. and Whitfield, C.P.} } @article {1674, title = {Detecting the signal of atmospheric N deposition in recent national-scale vegetation change across Britain}, journal = {Water, Air and Soil Pollution: Focus}, volume = {4}, year = {2004}, pages = {269{\textendash}278}, author = {Smart, S.M. and Ashmore, M.R. and Hornung, M.} } @article {1567, title = {Effects of enhanced N deposition on Cladonia portentosa; results from a field manipulation study.}, number = {525 ISSN 0967-876X}, year = {2004}, pages = {51-62}, institution = {English Nature}, address = {Peterborough}, author = {Sheppard, L.I. and Leith, I.D. and Crossley, A.} } @article {1564, title = {Growth and tissue nitrogen of epiphytic Atlantic bryophytes: effects of increased and decreased atmospheric N deposition.}, journal = {Functional Ecology}, volume = {18}, year = {2004}, pages = {322-329}, author = {Mitchell, R.J. and Truscott, A.M. and Leith, I.D. and Cape, J.N. and van Dijk, N. and Tang, Y.S. and Fowler, D. and Sutton, M.A.} } @article {1108, title = {Impact of nitrogen deposition on the species richness of grasslands}, journal = {Science}, volume = {303}, year = {2004}, pages = {1876-1879}, author = {Stevens, C.J. and Dise, N.B. and Mountford, J.O. and Gowing, D.J.} } @article {1520, title = {Mobilization of aluminium and deposition on fish gills during sea salt episodes - catchment liming as countermeasure.}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Monitoring}, volume = {6}, year = {2004}, pages = {196-200}, author = {Teien, H.C. and Standring, W.J.F. and Salbu, B. and Marskar, M. and Kroglund, F. and Hindar, A.} } @article {1707, title = {Modelling the spatial distribution of ammonia emissions from seabirds in the UK}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {131}, year = {2004}, pages = {173-185}, keywords = {excretion, inventory, metabolic rates, model, nitrogen, nitrogen deposition, united-kingdom, volatilisation}, author = {Wilson, L. J. and Bacon, P. J. and Bull, J. and Dragosits, U. and Blackall, T. D. and Dunn, T. E. and Hamer, K. C. and Sutton, M. A. and Wanless, S.} } @article {1284, title = {Quantifying dry NH3 release system to ombrotrophic bog from an automated NH3 field release system}, journal = {Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus}, volume = {4}, year = {2004}, pages = {207-218.}, author = {Leith, I.D. and Sheppard, L.J. and Fowler, D. and Cape, J.N and Jones, M.R. and Crossley, A. and Hargreaves, K.J. and Tang, Y.S. and Theobald, M.R. and Sutton, M.A.} } @article {1527, title = {The restoration and re-creation of species-rich lowland grassland on land formerly managed for intensive agriculture in the UK.}, journal = {Biological Conservation}, volume = {119}, year = {2004}, pages = {1-18}, author = {Walker, K.J. and Stevens, P.A. and Stevens, D.A. and Mountford, J.O. and Manchester, S.J. and Pywell, R.F.} } @article {1713, title = {Changing landscapes, habitats and vegetation diversity across Great Britain}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Management}, volume = {67}, year = {2003}, pages = {267-281}, author = {Haines-Young, R. and Barr, C.J. and Firbank, L.G. and Furse, M. and Howard, D.C. and McGowan, G. and Petit, S. and Smart, S.M. and Watkins, J.W.} } @article {1898, title = {Effects of past sewage sludge additions on heavy metal availability in light textured soils: implications for crop yields and metal uptakes}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, year = {2003}, pages = {413-423}, author = {Bhogal, A and Nicholson, F. A and Chambers, B. J and Shepherd, M. A} } @book {1579, title = {Impact of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on epiphytes in Atlantic oakwoods.}, year = {2003}, author = {Mitchell, R.J. and Truscott, A.M. and Leith, I.D. and Tang, Y.S. and van Dijk, N. and Smith, R.I. and Sutton, M.A.} } @article {1358, title = {Interplay between nitrogen deposition and grazing causes habitat degradation}, journal = {Ecology Letters}, volume = {6}, year = {2003}, pages = {141-146}, author = {Van der Wal, R. and Pearce, I. and Brooker, R. and Scott, D. and Welch, D. and Woodin, S.} } @article {1305, title = {Stimulated growth of Betula pubescens and Molinia caerulea on ombrotrophic bogs: role of high levels of atmospheric nitrogen deposition}, journal = {Journal of Ecology}, volume = {91}, year = {2003}, pages = {357-370}, author = {Tomassen, H.B.M. and Smolders, A.J.P. and Lamers, L.P.M. and Roelofs, J.G.M.} } @article {1994, title = {Biological availability of traffic-related platinum group elements (Palladium, platinum and rhodium) and other metals to zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in water containing road dust}, journal = {Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry}, year = {2002}, pages = {2713-2718}, author = {Zimmermann, S and Alt, F and Messerschmidt, J and Von-Bohlen, A and Taraschewski, H and Sures, B} } @article {637, title = {Changing nutrient budget of sand dunes: consequences for the nature conservation interest and dune management. 1 }, number = {CCW No. FC 73-01-347}, year = {2002}, month = {March 2002. }, author = {Jones, M.L.M. and Reynolds, B. and Stevens, P.A. and Norris, D.A.} } @article {105, title = {Developing an inventory of N2O emissions from British Soils}, journal = {Atmos. Environ.}, volume = {36}, year = {2002}, pages = {987 - 998}, author = {Sozanska, M. and Skiba, U. and Metcalfe, S.} } @book {763, title = {Growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in relation to the AOT40 index.}, year = {2002}, type = {Background paper presented at the UNECE Workshop Establishing Ozone Critical Levels II, Goteborg November 2002}, author = {Skarby, L. and Ottoson, S. and Karlsson, P.E. and Wallin, G. and Sellden, G. and Medin, E. and Pleijel, H.} } @inbook {822, title = {Monitoring with Lichens - Monitoring Lichens}, booktitle = {Nato Sciences }, year = {2002}, pages = {285-290}, publisher = {Kluwer}, organization = {Kluwer}, chapter = {Epiphytes on wayside trees as an indicator of eutrophication in the Netherlands}, address = {Dordrecht}, author = {Van Herk, C.M. and Nimis, P.L. (Eds) and Scheidegger, C. (Eds) and Wolseley, P.A.} } @article {699, title = {Monitoring with Lichens - Monitoring Lichens,Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Lichen Monitoring, Wales, United Kingdom, 16-23 August 2000}, year = {2002}, author = {Nimis, P.L. and Scheidegger, C. and Wolseley, P.A.} } @article {1497, title = {Ozone effects on Sphagnum mosses, carbon dioxide exchange and methane emission in boreal peatland microcosms.}, journal = {Science of The Total Environment}, volume = {289}, year = {2002}, pages = {1-12}, author = {Niemi, R. and Martikainen, P.J. and Silvola, J. and Holopainen, T.} } @article {773, title = {Parasitic fungus mediates change in nitrogen-exposed boreal forest vegetation.}, journal = {Journal of Ecology }, volume = {90}, year = {2002}, pages = {61}, author = {Stengbom, J. and Nordin, A. and N{\"a}sholm, T. and Ericson, L.} } @article {1552, title = {Quantifying nitrogen fixation in feather bryophyte carpets of boreal forests.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {419}, year = {2002}, pages = {917-920}, author = {DeLuca, T.H. and Zackrisson, O. and Nilsson, M.C. and Sellstedt, A.} } @article {252, title = {Review of sublethal ecotoxicological tests for measuring harm in terrestrial ecosystems}, year = {2002}, author = {Spurgeon, D. and Svendsen, C. and Hankard, P. and Weeks, Kille, P. and Fishwick, S.} } @article {1543, title = {Aluminium toxicity in plants: a review}, journal = {Agronomie}, volume = {21}, year = {2001}, pages = {3-21}, author = {Rout, G.R. and Samantaray, S. and Das, P.} } @article {1471, title = {An analysis of the structure of the simple mass balance equation: implications for testing national critical loads maps.}, journal = {Water, Air and Soil Pollution}, volume = {1}, year = {2001}, pages = {281-298}, author = {Kennedy, F. and Rowell, D. and Moffat, A.J. and Singh, B.} } @article {781, title = {Biosphere-atmosphere interactions of ammonia with grasslands: experimental strategy and results from a new European initiative}, journal = {Plant and Soil }, volume = {228 (1)}, year = {2001}, pages = {131-145}, author = {Sutton, M.A. and Milford, C. and Nemitz, E. and Theobald, M.R. and Fowler D. and Schjoerring, J.K. and Mattsson, M.E. and Nielsen, K.H. and Husted, S. and Erisman, J.W. and Oties, R. and Hensen, A. and Mosquera, J. and Cellier, P. and Loubert, B. and David, M. and Genermont, S. and Neftel, A. and Blatter, A. and Herrmann, B. and Jones, S.K. and Horvath, L. and Flhrer, E. and Mantzanas, K. and Koukoura, Z. and Gallagher, M. and Williams, P. and Flynn, M. and Riedo, M.} } @article {1877, title = {Cadmium uptake by plants}, journal = {International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health}, year = {2001}, pages = {177-183}, author = {Smolders, E} } @article {659, title = {Comparison of the effects of dry deposited N as NH3 with wet deposited N as NH4Cl on acid moorland vegetation.}, journal = {Water Air and Soil Pollution (In press).}, year = {2001}, author = {Leith, I.D. and Sheppard, L.J. and Pitcairn, C.E.R. and Cape, J.N and Hill, P.W. and Kennedy, V.H. and Tang, Y.S. and Smith, R.I. and Fowler D.} } @article {577, title = {Deposition of acidifying and eutrophying air pollutants in Scotland: Mapping critical loads, critical levels and exceedances}, year = {2001}, institution = {Centre for Ecology and Hydrology}, author = {Fowler, D. and Dragosits, U. and Pitcairn, C.E.R. and Sutton, M.A. and Hall, J. and Roy, D.B. and Weidemann, A.} } @article {1478, title = {Effects of Simulated Sulphuric Acid Deposition On Calluna Vulgaris/Peat Microcosms and Associated Soil Solutions.}, journal = {Chemistry and Ecology}, volume = {17}, year = {2001}, pages = {293-314}, author = {Parveen, Z. and Smart, R. and White, C. and Gammack, S. and Deacon, C. and Cresser, M.} } @article {2025, title = {Encyyrtraeids and microbes in Zn polluted soil: No link between organism-level stress response and ecosystem functioning}, journal = {Ecotoxicology}, year = {2001}, pages = { 351-361}, author = {Salminen, J and Tan-Anh, B and Van-Gestel, C. A. M} } @article {2024, title = { Indirect effects of zinc on soil microbes via a keystone enchytraeid species}, journal = {Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry}, year = {2001}, pages = {1167-1174}, author = {Salminen, J and Anh, B. T and Van-Gestel, C. A. M} } @article {1523, title = {Ozone exposure thresholds and foliar injury on forest plants in Switzerland.}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {111}, year = {2001}, pages = {321-331}, author = {VanderHayden, D. and Skelly, J. and Innes, J. and Hug, C. and Zhang, J. and Landolt, W. and Bleuler, P.} } @article {510, title = {Raised atmospheric CO2 levels and increased N deposition cause shifts in plant species composition and production in Sphagnum bogs}, journal = {Global Change Biology }, volume = {7}, year = {2001}, pages = {591-598}, author = {Berendse, F. and van Breeman, N. and Rydin, H. and Buttler, A. and Heijmans, M. and Hoosbeek, M.R. and Lee, J.A. and Mitchel, E. and Saarinen, T. and Vasander, H. and Wallin, B.} } @article {775, title = {Review of the status of Biodiversity Action Plan stonewort species}, volume = {170}, number = {ISBN 1 872613 38 1}, year = {2001}, author = {Stewart, N.F.} } @article {1319, title = {Slow recovery of boreal forest ecosystem following decreased nitrogen input}, journal = {Functional Ecology }, volume = {15}, year = {2001}, pages = {451-457}, author = {Strengbom, J. and Nordin, A. and N{\"a}sholm, T. and Ericson, L.} } @article {777, title = {Slow recovery of boreal forest ecosystem following decreased nitrogen input. }, journal = {Functional Ecology}, volume = {15}, year = {2001}, pages = {451-457}, author = {Strengbom, J. and Nordin, A. and Ndsholm, T. and Ericson, L.} } @article {104, title = {Spatially disaggregated inventories of soil NO and N2O emissions for Great Britain}, journal = {Water Air \& Soil Pollution}, year = {2001}, pages = {109 {\textendash} 118}, author = {Skiba, U. and Sozanska, M. and Metcalfe, S. and Fowler, D.} } @article {1937, title = {Studies on differential manganese tolerance of mung bean and rice genotypes in hydroponic culture}, journal = {Agronomie }, year = {2001}, pages = {725-733}, author = {Rout, G. R and Samantaray, S and Das, P} } @inbook {620, title = {Terrestrial ecosystem research in Europe: successes, challenges and policy}, year = {2001}, note = {Final Conference of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Initiative - Concerted Action (TERICA) Project ENV4-CT95-0051 Egmond aan Zee, the Netherlands, 20-23 June 1999. }, publisher = {Directorate-General for Research}, organization = {Directorate-General for Research}, chapter = {Preliminary results of the BERI project: Effects of elevated CO2 and N deposition on plant dynamics and CH4 emissions of five}, address = {Brussels.}, author = {Hoosebeak, M.R. and van Breeman, N. and Wallen, B. and Rydin, H. and Lee, J.A. and Sivola, J. and Vasander, H. and Berendse, F. and Grosvernier, P. and Sutton, M.A. (Eds) and Moreno, J.M. (Eds) and Van der Putten, W.H. (Eds) and Struwe, S. (Eds)} } @article {1536, title = {Accounting for nature: assessing habitats in the UK countryside.}, year = {2000}, institution = {DETR}, address = {London}, isbn = {1 85112460 8}, author = {Haines-Young, R.H. and Barr, C.J. and Black, H.I.J and Briggs, D.J. and Bunce, R.G.H. and Clarke, R.T. and Cooper, A. and Dawson, F.H. and Firbank, L.G. and Fuller, R.M. and Furse, M.T. and Gillespie, M.K. and Hill, R. and Hornung, M. and Howard, D.C. and McCann, T. and Morecroft, M.D. and Petit, S. and Sier, A.R.J. and Smart, S.M. and Smith, G.M. and Stott, A.P. and Stuart, R.C. and Watkins, J.W.} } @book {597, title = {Accounting for nature: assessing habitats in the UK countryside}, series = {Accounting for nature: assessing habitats in the UK countryside}, year = {2000}, publisher = {DETR}, organization = {DETR}, address = {London}, author = {Haines-Young, R.H. and Barr, C.J. and Black, H.I.G. and Briggs, D.J. and Bunce, R.G.H. and Clarke, R.T. and Cooper, A. and Dawson, F.H. and Firbanks, L.G. and Fuller, R.M. and Furse, M.T. and Gillespie, M.K. and Hill, R. and Hornung, M. and Howard, D.C. and McCann, T. and Morecroft, M.D. and Petit, S. and Sier, A.R.J. and Smart, S.M. and Stott, A.P. and Watkins, J.W.} } @article {1929, title = {Airborne trace metal contamination of wetland sediments at Iniana Dunes National Lakeshore}, journal = {Water, Air, and Soil Pollution}, year = {2000}, pages = {231-260}, author = {Perkins, S. M and Filippelli, G. M and Souch, C. J} } @article {23, title = {Ammonia emissions from non-agricultural sources in the UK.}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {34}, year = {2000}, pages = {855 - 869}, author = {Sutton, M.A. and Dragosits, U. and Tang, Y.S. and Fowler, D.} } @article {1701, title = {Biodiversity - Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100}, journal = {Science}, volume = {287}, year = {2000}, pages = {1770-1774}, keywords = {co2, fresh-water, future, limitation, threats}, author = {Sala, O. E. and Chapin, F. S. and Armesto, J. J. and Berlow, E. and Bloomfield, J. and Dirzo, R. and Huber-Sanwald, E. and Huenneke, L. F. and Jackson, R. B. and Kinzig, A. and Leemans, R. and Lodge, D. M. and Mooney, H. A. and Oesterheld, M. and Poff, N. L. and Sykes, M. T. and Walker, B. H. and Walker, M. and Wall, D. H.} } @article {1924, title = {Copper resistance of Calluna vulgaris originating from the pollution gradient of a Cu-Ni smelter, in southwest Finland}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, year = {2000}, pages = {211-219}, author = {Monni, S and Salemaa, M and White, C and Tuittila, E and Huopalainen, M} } @article {75, title = {Direct measurement of the UK source strength of radiatively active gases}, number = {1/1/33}, year = {2000}, month = {01/2000}, author = {Fowler, D. and Hargreaves, K.J. and Skiba, U. and Bower, K.N.} } @article {96, title = {Direct Measurements of the UK Source Strength of Radiatively Active Gases}, number = {Contract EPG 1/1/33}, year = {2000}, author = {Fowler, D. and Hargreaves, K. and Skiba, U. and Bower, K.} } @article {1430, title = {Impact of ozone on the reproductive development of plants. }, journal = {New Phytologist}, volume = {147}, year = {2000}, pages = {421-447}, author = {Black, V.J. and Black, C.R. and Roberts, J.A. and Stewart, C.A.} } @article {1838, title = {Mobility of antimony in soil and its availability to plants}, journal = {Chemosphere}, volume = {41}, year = {2000}, pages = {1791-1798}, author = {Hammel, W. and Debus, R. and Steubing, L} } @article {2012, title = {Persistent impacts of trace metals from mining on floodplain grass communities along soda butte creek, Yellowstone National Park}, journal = {Environmental Management}, year = {2000}, pages = {305-320}, author = {Stoughton, J. A and Marcus, W. A} } @article {2020, title = {Response of four turfgrass cultivars to limestone and biosolids-compost amendment of a zinc and cadmium contaminated soil at Palmerton, Pennsylvania}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Quality}, year = {2000}, pages = {1440-1447}, author = {Li, Y. M and Chaney, R. L and Siebielec, G and Kerschner, B. A} } @article {827, title = {Responses of spruce seedlings (Picea abies) to exhaust gas under laboratory conditions - I - plant-insect interactions. }, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {107}, year = {2000}, pages = {89-98}, author = {Viskari, E.L. and Surakka, J. and Pasanen, P. and Mirme, Am. and Ruuskanen, J. and Holopainen, J. K.} } @article {245, title = {Traffic exposure increases natural 15N and heavy metal concentrations in mosses}, journal = {New Phytologist}, volume = {147}, year = {2000}, pages = {317-326}, author = {Pearson, J. and Wells, D.M. and Seller, K.J. and Bennett, A. and Soares, A. and Woodall, J. and Ingrouille, M.J.} } @article {130, title = {Transboundary Air Pollution: Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level Ozone in the UK}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment }, volume = {34}, year = {2000}, pages = {3757 - 3777}, author = {Smith, R.I. and Fowler, D. and Sutton, M.A. and Flechard, C. and Coyle, M.} } @article {1515, title = {Atmospheric deposition of acidifying and eutrophicating substances in dune slacks.}, journal = {Water Air and Soil Pollution}, volume = {116}, year = {1999}, pages = {461-477}, author = {Sival, F.P. and Strijkstra-Kalk, M.} } @article {1620, title = {Case study of the effects of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze on agriculture: An opportunity to enhance crop yields in China through emission controls?}, journal = {PNAS}, volume = {96}, year = {1999}, pages = {13626-13633}, author = {Chameides, W.L. and Yu, H. and Liu, S.C. and Bergin, M. and Zhou, X. and Mearns, L. and Wang, G. and Kiang, C.S. and Saylor, R.D. and Luo, C. and Huang, Y. and Steiner, A. and Giorgi, F.} } @article {269, title = {Climate change: Scottish implications scoping study}, year = {1999}, institution = {Scottish Executive Central Research Unit}, address = {Edinburgh}, author = {Kerr, A. and Shackley, S. and Milne, R. and Allen, S.} } @article {483, title = {Estimating the uptake of traffic-derived NO2 from N-15 abundance in Norway spruce needles}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {118(2)}, year = {1999}, pages = {124-131}, author = {Ammann, M. and Siegwolf, R. and Pichlmayer, F. and Suter, M. and Saure, M. and Brunold, C.} } @article {298, title = {Factors influencing nitrogen saturation in forest ecosystems: Advances in our understanding since the mid 1980s. in the impact of nitrogen deposition on natural and semi-natural ecosystems}, journal = {Kluwer Academic Press}, year = {1999}, address = {Dordrecht, NL}, author = {Wilson, E.J. and Emmett, B.A.} } @article {888, title = {The fate of NH4NO3 added to Sphagnum magellanicum carpets at five European mire sites}, journal = {Biogeochemistry}, volume = {45}, year = {1999}, pages = {73-93}, author = {Williams, B.L. and Buttler, A. and Grosvernier, P. and Francez, A.J. and Gilbert, D. and Ilomets, M. and Jauhiainen, J. and Matthey, Y. and Silcock, D.J.} } @article {1925, title = {Impact of heavy metals on denitrification in surface wetland sediments receiving wastewater}, journal = {Water Science and Technology}, year = {1999}, pages = {349-355}, author = {Sakadevan, K and Zheng, H and Bavor, H. J} } @article {263, title = {Indicators of climate change in the UK}, year = {1999}, institution = {Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions}, author = {Cannell, M.G.R. and Palutikof, J.P. and Sparks, T.H.} } @article {971, title = {Nitrogen deposition makes a minor contribution to carbon sequestration in temperate forests.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {398}, year = {1999}, pages = {145-148}, author = {Nadelhoffer and Emmett, B.A. and Gundersen, P. and Kjonaas, O.J. and Koopmans, C.J. and Schleppi, P. and Tietema, A. and Wright, R.F.} } @article {798, title = {Oak forest development as a result of historical land-use patterns and present N deposition}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management }, volume = {114}, year = {1999}, pages = {97-106}, author = {Tyburk, K. and Strandberg, B.} } @article {522, title = {Ammonia concentrations at a site in southern Scotland from 2 yr of continuous measurements}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment }, volume = {32}, year = {1998}, pages = {325-331}, author = {Burkhardt, J. and Sutton, M.A. and Milford, C. and Storeton-West, R.L. and Fowler, D.} } @article {16, title = {Ammonia: emission, atmospheric transport and deposition}, journal = {New Phytologist}, volume = {139}, year = {1998}, pages = {27-48}, author = {Asman, W.A.H. and Sutton, M.A. and Schjoerring, J.K.} } @article {566, title = {Assessment of the exposure and loads of acidifying and eutrophying pollutants and ozone, as well as their harmful influence on the vitality of the trees and the speulder forest ecosystem as a whole.}, journal = {Water, Air and Soil Pollution}, volume = {105}, year = {1998}, pages = {539-571}, author = {Erisman, J.W. and Draaijers, G.P.J. and Steingr{\"o}ver, E. and Van Dijk, H. and de Vries, W. and Boxman, A.} } @article {22, title = {Dispersion, deposition and impacts of atmospheric ammonia: quantifying local budgets and spatial variability}, journal = {Environmental Pollutution (Nitrogen Conference Special Issue)}, volume = {102}, year = {1998}, pages = {349-361}, chapter = {1}, author = {Sutton, M.A. and Milford, C. and Dragosits, U. and Place, C.J. and Singles, R.J. and Smith, R.I. and Pitcairn, C.E.R. and Fowler, D. and Hill, J. and ApSimon, H.M. and Ross, C. and Hill, R. and Jarvis, S.C. and Pain, B.F. and Phillips, V.C. and Harrison, R. and Moss, D. and Webb, J. and Espenhahn, S.E. and Lee, D.S. and Hornung, M. and Ullyett, J. and Bull, K.R. and Emmett, B.A. and Lowe, J. and Wyers, G.P.} } @article {760, title = {Early effects of acid mist on Sitka spruce planted on acid peat.}, journal = {Phyton (Horn Austria)}, volume = {39}, year = {1998}, pages = {1-25}, author = {Sheppard, L.J. and Crossley, A. and Harvey, F. and Parrington, J. and White, C.C.} } @article {653, title = {Ecosystem research and the European Union policy needs}, year = {1998}, institution = {Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha}, address = {Toledo, Spain}, author = {Lawton, J.H. 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D.} } @article {149, title = {Exploring the balance between sources, deposition, and the environmental burden of PCDD/Fs in the U.K. environment: an aid to identifying uncertainties and research needs}, journal = {Environmental Science and Technology}, volume = {31}, year = {1996}, pages = {1-10}, author = {Duarte-Davidson, R. and Sewart, A. and Alcock, R.E. and Cousins, I.T. and Jones, K.C.} } @article {72, title = {Hazard ranking of contaminated sediments based on chemical analysis, laboratory toxicity tests and benthic community composition: prioritizing sites for remedial action}, journal = {Journal of Great Lakes Research}, volume = {22}, year = {1996}, pages = {639-652}, author = {Wildhaber, M.L. and Schmitt, C.J.} } @article {768, title = {Long-term trends in stream chemistry and biology in Northeast Scotland: Evidence for recovery}, journal = {Water, Air and Soil Pollution}, volume = {85}, year = {1996}, pages = {689-694}, author = {Soulsby, C. and Turnbull, D. and Langan, S.J. and Owen, R. and Hirst, D.} } @article {1839, title = {Natural and anthropogenic enrichments of As, Cu, Pb and Zn in ombrotrophic versus minerotrophic peat bog profiles}, journal = {Water, Air, and Soil Pollution}, year = {1996}, pages = {375-405}, author = {Shotyk, W} } @article {583, title = {Optimal quantum yield of photosystem II and chlorophyll degradation of Lobaria pulmonaria in relation to pH Lichenologist}, volume = {28}, year = {1996}, pages = {267-278}, author = {Gauslaa, Y. and Kopperud, C. and Solhaug, K.A.} } @article {119, title = {PCB and PAH dynamics in a small rural lake}, journal = {Environmental Science Technology}, volume = {30}, year = {1996}, pages = {2958-2966}, author = {Sanders, G. and Hamilton-Taylor, J. and Jones, K.C.} } @article {494, title = {Potential effects of rising tropospheric concentrations of CO2 and O-3 on green-algal lichens}, journal = {New Phytologist }, volume = {132}, year = {1996}, pages = {132, 641-652.}, author = {Balaguer, M. and 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Gilbert, O.L. and James, P. and Stewart, N.F.} } @article {774, title = {Stoneworts - connoisseurs of clean water}, journal = {Brittish Wildlife}, volume = {8}, year = {1996}, pages = {92-99}, author = {Stewart, N.F.} } @article {232, title = {The use of biomarkers in environmental exposure assessment}, year = {1996}, pages = {114 pp}, institution = {Institute for Environment and Health}, address = {Leicester}, author = {Gompertz, D. and Shuker, D. and Toniolo, P. and Shuker, L. and Bingham, S. and Calow, P. and Coggon, D. and King, N. and McMichael, A. and Walker, C.} } @article {617, title = {Acidification, Nitrogen Deposition and Rapid Vegetational Change in a Small Valley Mire in Yorkshire.}, journal = {Biological Conservation}, volume = {71}, year = {1995}, month = {143-153}, author = {Hogg, P. and Squires, P. and Fitter, A.H.} } @article {844, title = {Are calcareous grasslands in the UK under threat from nitrogen deposition - an experimental determination of a critical load}, journal = {Journal of Ecology }, volume = {83}, year = {1995}, pages = {823-832}, author = {Wilson, E.J. and Wells, T.C.E. and Sparks, T.H.} } @article {21, title = {Assessment of the magnitude of ammonia emissions in the United Kingdom.}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {29}, year = {1995}, pages = {1393-1411}, author = {Sutton, M.A. and Place, C.J. and Eager, M. and Fowler, D. and Smith, R.I.} } @article {780, title = {Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen compounds to heathlands}, journal = {Aarhus Geoscience }, volume = {4}, year = {1995}, pages = {61-71}, author = {Sutton, M.A. and Fowler D.} } @article {762, title = {Changes in the epilithic and epiphytic moss cover in two deciduous forest areas on the island of Oland (Sweden) - a comparison between 1958-1962 and 1988-1990}, journal = {Studies in Plant Ecology}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {1-108}, author = {Sjogren, E.} } @article {658, title = {Compensatory responses of 2 melampyrum species after damage. }, journal = {Functional Ecology}, volume = {9}, year = {1995}, pages = {511-517}, author = {Lehtila, K. and Syrjanen, K.} } @article {782, title = {Competition between Sphagnum fuscum and Drosera rotundifolia: A case of ecosystem engineering}, journal = {Okios}, volume = {74(2)}, year = {1995}, pages = {205-212}, author = {Svensson, B.M.} } @article {1503, title = {Critical limits of acidification to invertebrates in different regions of Europe.}, journal = {Water Air and Soil Pollution}, volume = {85}, year = {1995}, pages = {475-480}, author = {Raddum, G. and Skjelkvale, B.L.} } @article {528, title = {The effect of repeated N fertlization on mye infection in heather (Calluna vulgaris (L) Hull)}, journal = {New Phytol}, volume = {129}, year = {1995}, pages = {605-609}, author = {Caporn, S.J.M and Song, W. and Read, D.J. and Lee, J.A.} } @article {39, title = {Effects of ozone depletion}, journal = {Ambio}, volume = {24}, year = {1995}, author = {Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences} } 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}, volume = {85}, year = {1995}, pages = {189-200}, author = {Ashmore, M.R. and Sanders, G.E. and Skarby, L. and Fuhrer, J.} } @article {754, title = {Establishing critical levels for the effects of air pollution on vegetation}, journal = {Water, Air and Soil Pollution}, volume = {85}, year = {1995}, pages = {189-200}, author = {Sanders, G.E. and Skarby, L. and Ashmore, M.R. and Fuhrer, J.} } @article {1959, title = {Heavy metals in birch leaves around a nickel-copper smelter at Monchegorsk, Northwestern Russia}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, year = {1995}, pages = {291-299}, author = {Kozlov, M. V and Haukioja, E and Bakhtiarov, A. V and Stronganov, D. N} } @article {65, title = {Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments}, journal = {Environmental Management}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {81-97}, author = {Long, E.R. and MacDonald, D.D. and Smith, S.L. and Calder, F.D.} } @article {288, title = {Influence of catchment characteristics, forestry activities and deposition on nitrogen export from small forested catchments}, journal = {Water Air and Soil Pollution}, volume = {84}, year = {1995}, pages = {81-102}, author = {Lepisto, A. and Andersson, L. and Arheimer, B. and Sundblad, K.} } @article {757, title = {Injury of leatherleaf fern and tomato from volatilized ammonia after fertilizer application.}, journal = {Journal of Plant Nutrition}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, pages = {573-593}, author = {Schumann, A. and Mills, H.A.} } @article {907, title = {Mapping and modelling of critical loads for nitrogen - a workshop report}, year = {1995}, pages = {9-19}, institution = {Institute of Terrestrial Ecology}, chapter = {Empirical nitrogen critical loads: update since Lokeberg (1992).}, address = {Bush}, author = {Bobbink, R. and Roelofs, J.G.M. and Hornung, M. (Eds) and Sutton, M.A. (Eds) and Wilson, R.B. [Eds.]} } @article {623, title = {Mapping and modelling of critical loads for nitrogen - a workshop report. }, year = {1995}, note = {Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria, UK. UN-ECE Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution, Working Group for Effects 24-26 October 1994}, institution = {Institute of Terrestrial Ecology}, address = {Edinburgh}, author = {Hornung, M. (Eds) and Sutton, M.A. (Eds) and Wilson, R.B. [Eds.]} } @article {624, title = {Mapping and modelling of critical loads for nitrogen - a workshop report. Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria, UK. }, journal = {UN-ECE Convention on Long Range }, year = {1995}, author = {Hornung, M. (Eds) and Sutton, M.A. (Eds) and Wilson, R.B. 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(Eds)} } @article {284, title = {Atlas of the Bryophytes}, journal = {Harley}, year = {1994}, author = {Hill, M. and Preston, C.D. and Smith, A.} } @article {247, title = {Atlas of the bryophytes of the British Isles}, journal = {Cambridge University Press}, year = {1994}, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Preston, C.D. and Hill, M.O. and Smith, A.} } @article {1512, title = {Causal mechanisms by which sulphate, nitrate and acidity influence frost hardiness in red spruce: review and hypothesis.}, journal = {New Phytologist}, volume = {127}, year = {1994}, pages = {69-82}, author = {Sheppard, L.J.} } @article {1849, title = {Effect of different forms and sources of arsenic crop yield and arsenic concentration}, journal = {Water, Air, and Soil Pollution}, year = {1994}, pages = {321-343}, author = {Jiang, Q and Singh, B. R} } @article {175, title = {The effects of excess nitrogen deposition on young Norway spruce trees. Part I: the soil}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {86}, year = {1994}, pages = {141-151}, author = {Wilson, E.J. and Skeffington, R.A.} } @article {176, title = {The effects of excess nitrogen deposition on young Norway spruce trees. Part I: the vegetation}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {86}, year = {1994}, pages = {153-160}, author = {Wilson, E.J. and Skeffington, R.A.} } @article {687, title = {An experimental investigation into the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on two semi-natural grasslands}, journal = {Journal of Ecology }, volume = {82}, year = {1994}, pages = {475-483}, author = {Morecroft, M.D. and Skellers, E.K. and Lee, J.A.} } @article {191, title = {Group report: are chemical and biological changes reversible?}, number = {Environmental Sciences Report ES14}, year = {1994}, pages = {375-391}, institution = {John Wiley and Sons}, address = {Chichester}, author = {Dise, N.B. and Ahlf, W. and Brahmer, G. and Cosby, B.J. and Fott, J. and Hauhs, M. and Juttner, I. and Kreutzer, K. and Raddum, G.G. and Wright, R.F.}, editor = {Steinberg, C.E.W. and Wright, R.F.} } @article {199, title = {Group report: interactions among acidification, phosphorus, contaminants and biota in freshwater ecosystems}, number = {Environmental Sciences Report ES14}, year = {1994}, pages = {185-200}, institution = {John Wiley and Sons}, address = {Chichester}, author = {Landers, D.H. and Bayley, S.E. and Ford, J. and Gunn, J.M. and Lukewille, A. and Norton, S.A. and Steinberg, C.E.W. and Vesely, J. and Zahn, M.T.}, editor = {Steinberg, C.E.W. and Wright, R.F.} } @article {1122, title = {he effects of excess nitrogen deposition on young Norway spruce trees. Part I: the soil.}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {86}, year = {1994}, pages = {141-151}, author = {Skeffington, R.A. and Wilson, E.J.} } @article {1123, title = {he effects of excess nitrogen deposition on young Norway spruce trees. Part I: the vegetation.}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {86}, year = {1994}, pages = {153-160}, author = {Skeffington, R.A. and Wilson, E.J.} } @article {581, title = {Heavy-metal binding by mycorrhizal fungi}, journal = {Physiologia Plantarum}, volume = {92}, year = {1994}, pages = {364-368}, author = {Galli, U. and Schuepp, H. and Brunold, C.} } @article {545, title = {The influence of acid rain mists on growth, dry matter partitioning, nutrient concentrations and mycorrhizal fruiting bodies in red spruce seedlings.}, journal = {New Phytologist }, volume = {115}, year = {1994}, pages = {459-464}, author = {Deans, J.D. and Leith, I.D. and Sheppard, L.J. and Cape, J.N and Fowler D. and Murry, M.B. and Mason, P.A.} } @article {296, title = {Long-term changes in watershed retention of nitrogen - its causes and aquatic consequences}, journal = {Environmental Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoirs}, volume = {237}, year = {1994}, pages = {223-284}, author = {Stoddard, J.L.} } @article {189, title = {Predicting recovery of freshwater ecosystems: trout in Norwegian lakes}, number = {Environmental Sciences Research Report ES14}, year = {1994}, pages = {355-373}, author = {Cosby, B.J. and Bulger, A.J. and Wright, R.F.}, editor = {Steinberg, C.E.W. and Wright, R.F.} } @inbook {1540, title = {Setting critical loads for dystrophic peat - a new approach.}, booktitle = {Acid Rain and its Impact: The Critical Loads Debate}, year = {1994}, chapter = {Setting critical loads for dystrophic peat - a new approach}, author = {Wilson, E.J. and Skeffington, R.A. and Downer, C.J. and Maltby, E. and Immirzi, P. and Swanston, C.} } @article {843, title = {Setting critical loads for dystrophic peat - a new approach. In: Battarbee R.W. (Ed): Acid Rain and its Impact: The Critical Loads Debate}, year = {1994}, institution = {Environmental change Research Centre/ENSIS}, address = {London.}, author = {Wilson, E.J. and Skeffington, R.A. and Downer, C.J. and Maltby, E. and Immirzi, P. and Swanston, C.} } @article {1852, title = {Toxicity of nickel ores to marine organisms}, journal = {Science of the Total Environment}, year = {1994}, pages = {139-156}, author = {Florence, T. M and Stauber, J. L and Ahsanullah, M} } @inbook {537, title = {Critical Loads - Concepts and Applications}, booktitle = {ITE Symposium}, volume = {28}, year = {1993}, publisher = {HMSO}, organization = {HMSO}, chapter = {Critical loads for peat soils}, address = {London}, author = {Cresser, M.S. and Smith, C. and Sanger, L. and Hornung, M. (Eds) and Skeffington, R.A. (Eds)} } @inbook {602, title = {Critical Loads: Concepts and Applications}, booktitle = {ITE Symposium}, volume = {28}, year = {1993}, pages = {103-108}, chapter = {Critical loads and surface waters: evaluation of the steady-state water chemistry model}, author = {Harriman, R. and Christie, A.E.G. and Hornung, M. (Eds) and Skeffington, R.A. (Eds)} } @inbook {190, title = {Critical loads for peat soils}, booktitle = {Critical Loads - Concepts and Applications}, series = {ITE Symposium 28}, year = {1993}, publisher = {HMSO}, organization = {HMSO}, address = {London}, author = {Cresser, M.S. and Smith, C. and Sanger, L.}, editor = {Hornung, M. and Skeffington, R.A.} } @article {859, title = {Critical loads for peat soils}, year = {1993}, institution = {Institute of Terrestrial Ecology}, edition = {Symposium 28}, address = {London.}, author = {Cresser, M.S. and Smith, C. and Sanger, L.}, editor = {Hornung, M. and Skeffington, R.A.} } @article {710, title = {The Deposition of Atmospheric Ammonia and Its Effects on Plants}, journal = {New Phytologist}, volume = {125}, year = {1993}, pages = {283-305}, author = {Pearson, J. and Stewart, G.R.} } @article {580, title = {Diet and Habitat Use of the Dotterel Charadrius-Morinellus in Scotland}, journal = {Ibis}, volume = {135}, year = {1993}, pages = {148-155}, author = {Galbraith, H. and Murray, S. and Duncan, K. and Smith, R. and Whitfield, D.P. and Thompson, D.B.A.} } @article {295, title = {Dissolved inorganic nitrogen budget for a forested catchment at Beddgelert, North Wales}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {80}, year = {1993}, pages = {1-8}, author = {Stevens, P.A. and Williams, T.G. and Norris, D.A. and Rowland, A.P.} } @article {771, title = {Effect of acid rain on pine needles as food for capercaillie in winter}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {94}, year = {1993}, pages = {565-570}, author = {Spidsx, T.K. and Korsmo, H.} } @article {88, title = {Estimating the relative contribution of SOx, NOy and NHx inputs to effects of atmospheric deposition}, year = {1993}, month = {02/1992}, institution = {HMSO}, address = {London}, author = {Sutton, M.A. and Fowler, D.} } @book {26, title = {Estimating the relative contribution of SOx�, NOx and NHx inputs to effects of atmospheric deposition}, series = {Critical loads: concept and applications. (Grange-over-Sands Workshop, 2/1992) [Eds: Hornung M. and Skeffington R.A.]}, year = {1993}, pages = {119-126}, publisher = {HMSO}, organization = {HMSO}, address = {London}, author = {Sutton, M.A. and Fowler, D.} } @article {20, title = {The exchange of ammonia between the atmosphere and plant communities.}, journal = {Advances in Ecological Research}, volume = {24}, year = {1993}, pages = {301-393}, author = {Sutton, M.A. and Pitcairn, C.E.R. and Fowler, D.} } @article {306, title = {A new potential air-quality criterion derived from vertical flux densitites of ozone and from plant response}, journal = {Angewandte Botanik}, volume = {67}, year = {1993}, pages = {9-13}, author = {Grunhage, L. and Dammgen, U. and Haenel, H.D. and Jager, H.J. and Holl, A. and Schmitt, J. and Hanewald, K.} } @article {1625, title = {Stratospheric Aerosol Optical Depths, 1850-1990.}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research}, volume = {98}, year = {1993}, pages = {22987-22994}, author = {Sato, M. and Hansen, J.E. and McCormick, M.P and Pollack, J.B.} } @article {212, title = {Terrestrial SSSIs at risk from soil acidification in Wales}, year = {1993}, institution = {Countryside Council for Wales}, address = {Bangor}, author = {Sketch, C.A. and Bareham, S.A.} } @article {779, title = {Deposition of Atmospheric Ammonia to Moorlands.}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {75}, year = {1992}, pages = {15-24}, author = {Sutton, M.A. and Moncrieff, J.B. and Fowler, D.} } @article {56, title = {Halogen emissions from coal combustion}, year = {1992}, author = {Sloss, L.L.} } @article {249, title = {Large-scale air pollution monitoring using lichens}, journal = {GeoJournal }, volume = {28}, year = {1992}, pages = {403-411}, author = {Seaward, M. R. D.} } @article {586, title = {nitrogen cycle in Lough Neagh, N. Ireland, 1975 to 1987}, journal = {Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol}, volume = {77}, year = {1992}, pages = {73-83}, author = {Gibson, C.E. and Smith, R.V. and Stewart, D.A.} } @article {1846, title = {Summary of phytotoxic levels of soil arsenic}, journal = {Water, Air, and Soil Pollution}, year = {1992}, pages = {539-550}, author = {Sheppard, S. C} } @article {769, title = {The effects of acid deposition on nature conservation in Great Britain}, volume = {26}, year = {1991}, pages = {62-66}, institution = {Nature Conservancy Council}, chapter = {Acidification and aluminium enrichment of freshwaters draining afforested catchments}, address = {Peterborough}, author = {Soutar, R.G. and Woodin, S.J. (Eds) and Farmer, A.M. (Eds)} } @article {507, title = {Decline of the natterjack toad Bufo clamita in Britain: Paleoecological, documentary and experimental evidence for breeding site acidification}, journal = {Biological Conservation}, volume = {53}, year = {1990}, pages = {1-20}, author = {Beebee, T.J.C. and Flower, R.J. and Stevenson, A.C. and Patrick, S.T. and Appleby, P.G. and Fletcher, C. and Marsh, C. and Natkanski, J. and Rippey, B. and Batterby, R.} } @article {683, title = {Growth, ectomycorrhizae and nonstructural carbohydrates of loblolly pine seedlings exposed to ozone and soil water defect}, journal = {Environment Pollution }, volume = {64}, year = {1990}, pages = {11-27}, author = {Meier, S. and Grand, L.F. and Schoeneberger, M.M. and Reinart, R.A.} } @inbook {646, title = {Large Lakes: ecological structure and function}, year = {1990}, pages = {403-414}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, organization = {Springer-Verlag}, chapter = {Relationship of phytoplankton and nutrients to stoichiometric measures}, address = {New York}, author = {Kilham, S.S. and Tilzer, M.M. (Eds) and Serruya, C. (Eds)} } @article {2015, title = {Mechanism of toxicity of zinc to the marine diatom Nitzschia closterium}, journal = {Marine Biology}, year = {1990}, pages = {519-524}, author = {Stauber, J. L and Florence, T. M} } @article {1998, title = {Phytoavailability and toxicity of beryllium and vanadium}, journal = {Water, Air, and Soil Pollution}, year = {1990}, pages = {203-212}, author = {Kaplan, D and Sajwan, K and Adriano, D and Gettier, S} } @article {1633, title = {Effects of SO2, NO2, and O3 on Population Development and Morphological and Physiological Parameters of Native Herb Layer Species in a Beech Forest.}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {58}, year = {1989}, pages = {281-302}, author = {Steubing, L. and Fangmeier, A. and Both, R. and Frankenfeld, M.} } @article {172, title = {Forest decline and Air Pollution}, year = {1989}, institution = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, author = {Schulze, E.D. and Lange, O.L. and Oren, R.} } @article {765, title = {Peat acidification in Scotland}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {337}, year = {1989}, pages = {68-69}, author = {Skiba, U. and Cresser, M.S. and Derwent, R.G. and Futty, D.W.} } @article {213, title = {Peat acidification in Scotland}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {337}, year = {1989}, pages = {68-69}, author = {Skiba, U. and Cresser, M.S. and Derwent, R.G. and Futty, D.W.} } @article {766, title = {A regression model for nitrate leaching in Northern Ireland. }, journal = {Soil Use and Management}, volume = {5}, year = {1989}, pages = {71-76}, author = {Smith, R.V. and Stewart, D.A.} } @article {1945, title = {Acute toxicities of eleven metals to early life-history stages of the yellow crab Cancer anthonyi}, journal = {Marine Biology}, year = {1988}, pages = {201-207}, author = {Macdonald, J. M and Shields, J. D and Zimmer-Faust, R. K} } @article {1511, title = {Effects of nitrogen dioxide on biochemical and physiological characteristics of soybean.}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {55}, year = {1988}, pages = {149-158}, author = {Sabaratnam, S. and Gupta, G.} } @book {1966, title = {Genetic differences in plant tolerance to manganese toxicity}, series = { Manganese in soils and plants}, year = {1988}, pages = {293-307}, publisher = {Kluwer Publishers}, organization = {Kluwer Publishers}, address = {Dordrecht}, author = {Foy, C. D and Scott, B. J. and Fisher, J. A} } @book {60, title = {Lake Acidification in the United Kingdom 1800-1986}, year = {1988}, publisher = {ENSIS Publishing}, organization = {ENSIS Publishing}, address = {London}, author = {Battarbee, R.W. and Anderson, N.J. and Appleby, P.G. and Flower, R.J. and Fritz, S.C. and Haworth, E.Y. and Higgitt, S. and Jones, V.J. and Kreiser, A. and Munro, M.A.R. and Natkanski, J. and Oldfield, F. and Patrick, S.T. and Richardson, N.G. and Rippey, B. and Stevenson, A.C.} } @article {625, title = {The response of the feather moss, pleurozium-schreberi, to 5 years of simulated acid precipitation in the canadian boreal forest}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Botany }, volume = {66}, year = {1988}, pages = {82-88}, author = {Hutchison, T.C. and Scott, M.G.} } @article {667, title = {Direct Effects of Sulphur on Forests in Europe - a Regional Model of Risk}, journal = {International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (WP-87-57)}, year = {1987}, publisher = {International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis}, address = {Luxembourg}, url = {http://webarchive.iiasa.ac.at/Admin/PUB/Documents/WP-87-057.pdf}, author = {Makela, A. and Materna, J. and Schoop, W.} } @article {770, title = {The enhanced acidification of a field soil by very low concentrations of atmospheric ammonia}, journal = {Research and Development in Agriculture }, volume = {4}, year = {1987}, pages = {83-86}, author = {Spiers, R.B. and Frost, C.A.} } @article {794, title = {Occurrence of carpophores of ectomycorrhizal fungi in selected stands of Pinus sylvestris in the Netherlands in relation to stand vitality and air pollution}, journal = {Plant Soil }, volume = {104}, year = {1987}, pages = {209-217}, author = {Termoshuizen, A.J. and Schaffers, A.P.} } @article {1632, title = {Depression of Growth and Yield in Winter Barley Exposed to Sulphur Dioxide in the Field.}, journal = {New Phytologist}, volume = {104}, year = {1986}, pages = {233-241}, author = {Baker, C.K. and Colls, J.J. and Fullwood, A.E. and Seaton, G.G.R.} } @article {1990, title = {Determination of platinum and iridium in marine waters, sediments and organisms}, journal = {Analytical Chemistry}, year = {1986}, pages = {616-620}, author = {Hodge, V. F and Stallard, M and Koide, M and Goldberg, E. D} } @article {1494, title = {Effect of Stream Acidification on Periphyton Composition, Chlorophyll, and Productivity.}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences}, volume = {43}, year = {1986}, pages = {1846-1858}, author = {Mulholland, P.J. and Elwood, J.W. and Palumbo, A.V. and Stevenson, R.J.} } @article {63, title = {The quantities of cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic entering the U.K. environment from human activities}, journal = {Science of the Total Environment}, volume = {57}, year = {1986}, pages = {129-150}, author = {Hutton, M. and Symon, C.} } @article {556, title = {Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Decrease Zinc-Toxicity to Grasses Growing in Zinc-Polluted Soil. }, journal = {Soil Biology and Biochemistry}, volume = {18}, year = {1986}, pages = {331-333}, author = {Dueck, T.A. and Visser, P. and Ernst, W.H.O. and Schat, H.} } @article {27, title = {Acid Rain: The International Response}, journal = {Intern. J. Environmental Studies}, year = {1985}, pages = {217-230}, author = {Brady, G.L and Selle, J.C.} } @article {740, title = {Effects of O3, SO2, and acidic rain on mycorrhizal infection in northern red oak seedlings}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Botany }, volume = {63}, year = {1985}, pages = {2049-2055}, author = {Reich, P.B. and Schoettle, A.W. and Stroo, H.F. and Trojano, J. and Amundsen, R.G.} } @article {764, title = {The effects of ozone and acid mist on Scots pine seedlings. }, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {65}, year = {1985}, pages = {201}, author = {Skeffington, R.A. and Roberts, T.M.} } @article {1500, title = {Alteration of C-13 assimilate partitioning in plants of Phaseolus vulgaris exposed to ozone.}, journal = {New Phytologist}, volume = {97}, year = {1984}, pages = {155-163}, author = {Okano, K. and Ito, O. and Takeba, G. and Shimizu, A. and Totsuka, T.} } @article {1451, title = {Ecological Effects of acid deposition upon peatlands: a nelected field in {\textquoteleft}acid rain{\textquoteright} research.}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences}, volume = {41}, year = {1984}, pages = {1256-1268}, author = {Gorham, E. and Bayley, S.E. and Schindler, D.W.} } @article {776, title = {The effects of acidification on the ecology of streams in the upper Tywi catchment in west Wales. }, journal = {Environmental Pollution (series A)}, volume = {35}, year = {1984}, author = {Stoner, J.H. and Gee, A.S. and Wade, K.R.} } @article {1647, title = {The effects of SO2 on photosynthesis and carbohydrate transfer in the two Lichens: Collema polycarpon and Parmelia chlorochroa.}, journal = {American Journal of Botany}, volume = {71}, year = {1984}, pages = {986-998}, author = {Fields, R.D. and StClair, L.L.} } @article {1626, title = {Foliage damage in coniferous trees following volcanic ashfall from Mt. St. Helens.}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {59}, year = {1983}, pages = {339-343}, author = {Seymour, V.A. and Hinckley, T.M. and Morikawa, Y. and Franklin, J.F.} } @book {758, title = {Atlas of the lichens of the British Isles}, volume = {1}, year = {1982}, publisher = {ITE}, organization = {ITE}, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Seaward, M. R. D. and Hitch, C.J.B. (Eds)} } @article {578, title = {Identification of factors affecting nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to Lough Neagh}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Management }, volume = {15}, year = {1982}, pages = {109-129}, author = {Foy, R. and Smith, R.V. and Stevens, R.J.} } @article {46, title = {Prediction for Particle Deposition to Vegetative Canopies}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {16}, year = {1982}, pages = {1785-1794}, publisher = {Reidel Publishing Company}, address = {Dordrecht, NL}, author = {Slinn, W.G.N.} } @article {650, title = {Response of several eastern forest trees to low doses of ozone and nitrogen oxide}, journal = {Pl. Disease }, volume = {66}, year = {1982}, pages = {1149-1152}, author = {Kress, L.W. and Skelly, J.M.} } @article {1855, title = {Growth responses of selected freshwater algae to trace elements and scrubber ash slurry generated by coal-fired power plants}, journal = {Water Research}, year = {1980}, pages = {141-150}, author = {Vocke, R. W and Sears, K. L and O{\textquoteright}Toole, J. J and Wildman, R. B} } @article {1943, title = {Effects of manganese, copper and lead on Selenastrum capricornutum and Chlorella stigmatophora}, journal = {Water Research}, year = {1979}, pages = {79-92}, author = {Christensen, E. R and Scherfig, J and Dixon, P. S} } @article {1654, title = {The effects of SO2 dosage kinetics and exposure frequency on photosynthesis and transpiration of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).}, journal = {Environmental and Experimental Botany}, volume = {19}, year = {1979}, pages = {179-191}, author = {McLaughlin, S.B. and Shriner, D.S. and McConathy, R.K. and Mann, L.K.} } @article {1916, title = {Hematological anomalies in a fresh water teleost, Colisa fasciatus on acute exposure to cobalt}, journal = {Acta. Pharmacol. Toxicol}, year = {1979}, pages = {197-199}, author = {Srivaastiva, R. N and Agrawal, S. J} } @article {756, title = {Factors regulating phytoplankton production and standing crops in the world{\textquoteright}s freshwaters}, journal = {Limnology and Oceanography}, volume = {23}, year = {1978}, pages = {478-486}, author = {Schindler, D. W.} } @inbook {608, title = {Production Ecology of British Moors and Montane Grasslands, }, year = {1978}, pages = {3-16}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, organization = {Springer-Verlag}, chapter = {Introduction and site description}, address = {Berlin}, author = {Heal, O.W. and Smith, R.A.H. and Heal, O.W. (Eds) and Perkins, D.F. (Eds)} } @article {294, title = {The evolution of phosphorus limitation in lakes}, journal = {Science}, volume = {195}, year = {1977}, pages = {260-262}, author = {Schindler, D. W.} } @article {1869, title = {Note on boron toxicity in a stand of radiata pine in Hawkes Bay}, journal = {New Zealand Journal of Science}, year = {1975}, pages = {109-113}, author = {Smidt, R. E and Whitton, J. S} } @article {1976, title = {Acute toxicity of various metals to freshwater zooplankton}, journal = {Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology}, year = {1974}, pages = {745-751}, author = {Baudouin, M. F and Scoppa, P} } @article {1996, title = {Effect of palladium chloride on the growth of Poe pratensis}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Plant Science}, year = {1970}, pages = {91-96}, author = {Sarwar, M and Thibert, R. J and Benedict, W. G} }